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Blaxploitation or blacksploitation is an ethnic subgenre of the exploitation film. It emerged in the United States in the early 1970s. Blaxploitation films were originally made specifically for an urban black audience, but the genre's audience appeal soon broadened across racial and ethnic lines. The Los Angeles National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) head and ex-film publicist Junius Griffin coined the term, which is a portmanteau of the words "black" and "exploitation." Blaxploitation films were the first to regularly feature soundtracks of funk and soul music and primarily black casts. ''Variety'' credited ''Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song'' and the less radical Hollywood-financed film ''Shaft'' (both released in 1971) with the invention of the blaxploitation. ==Defining qualities of the genre== When set in the Northeast or West Coast, blaxploitation films are mainly set in poor urban neighborhoods. Ethnic slurs against white characters, such as "crackers" and "honky", are common plot and or character elements. Blaxploitation films set in the South often deal with slavery and miscegenation.〔(Bright Lights Film Journal | Blaxploitation )〕 Blaxploitation includes several subtypes, including crime (''Foxy Brown''), action/martial arts (''Three the Hard Way''), westerns (''Boss Nigger''), horror (''Abby'', ''Blacula''), comedy (''Uptown Saturday Night''), nostalgia (''Five on the Black Hand Side''), coming-of-Age/courtroom drama (''Cooley High/Cornbread, Earl and Me''), and musical (''Sparkle''). Following the example set by ''Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song'', many blaxploitation films feature funk and soul jazz soundtracks with heavy bass, funky beats, and wah-wah guitars. These soundtracks are notable for a degree of complexity that was not common to the radio-friendly funk tracks of the 1970s. They also featured a rich orchestration which included instruments such as flutes and violins, which were rarely used in funk or soul. Following the popularity of blaxploitation films in the 1970s, films within other genres began to feature black characters with stereotypical blaxploitation characteristics, such as the Harlem underworld characters in ''Live and Let Die'' (1973), Jim Kelly's character in ''Enter the Dragon'' (1973), and Fred Williamson's character in ''The Inglorious Bastards'' (1978). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Blaxploitation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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