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Bolokhoveni
Bolokhoveni, also Bolokhov, Bolokhovens, or Bolokhovians ((ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():Bolohoveni); (ウクライナ語:Болохівці)), were a 13th-century ethnic group that resided in the vicinity of the Rus' principalities of Halych, Volhynia and Kiev. Their ethnic identity is uncertain; although their ethnonym identifies them as Romanians (who were called Vlachs in the Middle Ages), archeological evidence and the ''Hypatian Chronicle'' (which is the only primary source that documents their history) suggest that they were a Slavic people. Their princes, or ''knyazi'', were in constant conflict with Daniil Romanovich, Prince of Halych and Volhynia, between 1231 and 1257. After the Mongols sacked Kiev in 1240, the Bolokhoveni supplied them with troops, but the Bolokhoveni princes fled to Poland. The Bolokhoveni disappeared after Romanovich defeated them in 1257.
== Etymology ==
According to a scholarly theory, the name "Bolokhoveni" may have derived from ''Voloch'', the East Slavic term for Romanians, or Vlachs. If this theory is correct, the Bolokhoveni were Romanians living in the western regions of Kievan Rus'. Place names, hydronyms, and personal names of Romanian origin abound in written sources relating to those regions. However, this theory is contradicted by archaeological evidence, which indicates that the Bolokhoveni's material culture resembled that of its contemporaries in the western parts of Kievan Rus'. Furthermore, it is well-documented that the Bolokhoveni princes had family ties with ''boyars'' of the Principality of Halych.
The ethnonym seems to be connected to the name ''Bolokhovo'', an early medieval settlement that the ''Hypatian Chronicle''an accurate source of the history of Kievan Rus'mentioned around 1150. According to historian Victor Spinei, this town may have been the same town as ''Borokhov'', which was recorded by the same chronicle in 1172. Alternatively, Spinei states, ''Bolokhovo'' may be the same town as Bolechow (now Bolekhiv, Ukraine), which was mentioned as the "town called 'the Vlachs in a Polish charter from 1472.
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