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Born-digital
The term born-digital refers to materials that originate in a digital form.〔NDIIPP, ("Preserving Digital Culture," ) Library of Congress.〕 This is in contrast to digital reformatting, through which analog materials become digital. It is most often used in relation to digital libraries and the issues that go along with said organizations, such as digital preservation and intellectual property. However, as technologies have advanced and spread, the concept of being born-digital has also been discussed in relation to personal consumer-based sectors, with the rise of e-books and evolving digital music. Other terms that might be encountered as synonymous include “natively digital,” “digital-first,” and “digital-exclusive.”〔Susan S. Lazinger, "Issues of Policy and Practice in Digital Preservation," in ''Digital Libraries: Policy, Planning, and Practice'', ed. Judith Andrews and Derek Law (Burlington: Ashgate, 2004), 100〕〔Lance Eaton, "Books Born Digital," ''Library Journal'', May 15, 2009, 26.〕
==Discrepancies in definition==
There exists some inconsistency in defining born-digital materials. Some believe such materials must exist in digital form exclusively; in other words, if it can be transferred into a physical, analog form, it is not truly born-digital.〔("Introduction - Definitions and Concepts," ) Digital Preservation Coalition.〕 However, others maintain that while these materials will often not have a subsequent physical counterpart, having one does not bar them from being classified as 'born-digital.' 〔 For instance, Mahesh and Mittal identify two types of born-digital content, “exclusive digital” and “digital for print,” allowing for a broader base of classification than the former definition provides.〔G. Mahesh and Rekha Mittal, ("Digital Content Creation and Copyright Issues," ) ''The Electronic Library'' 27, no 4 (2008), 678.〕
Furthermore, it has been pointed out that certain works may incorporate components that are both born-digital and digitized, further blurring the lines between what should and should not be considered 'born-digital.' For example, a digital video created may utilize historical film footage that has been converted.〔Amy Friedlander, "Summary of Findings" in (''Building a National Strategy for Digital Preservation: Issues in Digital Media Archiving,'' ) Council on Library and Information Resources and Library of Congress, 2.〕 It is important to be aware of these discrepancies when thinking about born-digital materials and the effects they have. However, some universals do exist across these definitions. All make clear the fact that born-digital media must originate digitally. Also, they agree that this media must be able to be utilized in a digital form (whether exclusively or otherwise), while they do not have to exist or be used as analog materials.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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