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''Other Tozama daimyo'': * Tosa Domain * Hiroshima Domain * Tsu Domain *Saga Domain *Ogaki Domain *Hirosaki Domain *Kuroishi Domain *Yodo Domain | combatant1a = 1869 | combatant2 = 1868 Shogunate Aizu Domain Takamatsu Domain Northern Alliance Jozai Domain Tsuruoka Domain Kuwana Domain Matsuyama Domain ''Defected'': * Tsu Domain *Yodo Domain *Ogaki Domain | combatant2a = 1869 | commander1 = 1868–1869 Emperor: Meiji CIC: Prince Komatsu Akihito Army: * Saigo Takamori * Kuroda Kiyotaka * Omura Masujiro * Yamagata Aritomo * Nakamura Hanjiro | commander2 = 1868 Shogun: Tokugawa Yoshinobu Commander: Katsu Kaishu Enomoto Takeaki Matsudaira Katamori Shinoda Gisaburō † Matsudaira Sadaaki Tanaka Tosa † Kondo Isami † Hijikata Toshizō † ---- 1869 President: Enomoto Takeaki Army: Otori Keisuke Navy: Arai Ikunosuke Advisors: Jules Brunet Eugene Collache | casualties3 = 8,200 killed and more than 5,000 wounded〔Huffman, James L., ''Modern Japan: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Nationalism'', Garland Reference Library of the Humanities; Routledge (1997) p. 22. ISBN 978-0815325253〕 }} The ,〔 is the designation for the fifth year of a sexagenary cycle in traditional East Asian calendars. can also be read as "tsuchinoe-tatsu" in Japanese, literally "Elder Brother of Earth-Dragon". In Chinese terminology, it translates "Yang Earth Dragon", which is associated with that particular year in the sexagenary cycle. Etymologically, and have nothing to do with "dragon" or "elder brother of earth", so the reading "tsuchinoe-tatsu" has to be regarded as a kind of associative . In term of eras, the conflict started in the 4th year of Keiō, which also became the first year of Meiji in October of that year, and ended in the second year of Meiji.〕 sometimes known as the Japanese Revolution, was a civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and those seeking to return political power to the imperial court. The war found its origins in dissatisfaction among many nobles and young samurai with the shogunate's handling of foreigners following the opening of Japan during the prior decade. Increasing Western influence in the economy led to a decline similar to other Asian countries at the time. An alliance of western samurai, particularly the domains of Chōshū, Satsuma and Tosa, and court officials, secured control of the imperial court and influenced the young Emperor Meiji. Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the sitting shogun, realizing the futility of his situation, abdicated political power to the emperor. Yoshinobu had hoped that by doing this, the Tokugawa house could be preserved and participate in the future government. However, military movements by imperial forces, partisan violence in Edo, and an imperial decree promoted by Satsuma and Choshu abolishing the house of Tokugawa led Yoshinobu to launch a military campaign to seize the emperor's court at Kyoto. The military tide rapidly turned in favor of the smaller but relatively modernized imperial faction, and after a series of battles culminating in the surrender of Edo, Yoshinobu personally surrendered. Those loyal to the Tokugawa retreated to northern Honshū and later to Hokkaidō, where they founded the Ezo republic. Defeat at the Battle of Hakodate broke this last holdout and left the imperial rule supreme throughout the whole of Japan, completing the military phase of the Meiji Restoration. Around 120,000 men were mobilised during the conflict, and of these about 3,500 were killed.〔Estimate in Hagiwara, p. 50.〕 In the end, the victorious imperial faction abandoned its objective to expel foreigners from Japan and instead adopted a policy of continued modernization with an eye to eventual renegotiation of the Unequal Treaties with the Western powers. Due to the persistence of Saigō Takamori, a prominent leader of the imperial faction, the Tokugawa loyalists were shown clemency, and many former shogunate leaders were later given positions of responsibility under the new government. The Boshin War testifies to the advanced state of modernization already achieved by Japan as it utilized and followed a level of development similar to industrialized Western nations, but in turn rejecting Western enforced free trade which would have undermined its economy, the already high involvement of Western nations, especially of Britain and France, in the country's internal politics, and the rather turbulent installation of Imperial power. Over time, the war has been romanticized by Japanese and others who view the Meiji Restoration as a "bloodless revolution", despite the number of casualties. ==Political background== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Boshin War」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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