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''Bothia'' is a fungal genus in the family Boletaceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species ''Bothia castanella'', a bolete mushroom first described scientifically in 1900 from collections made in New Jersey. Found in the eastern United States, Costa Rica, China, and Taiwan, it grows in a mycorrhizal association with oak trees. Its fruit body is chestnut brown, the cap is smooth and dry, and the underside of the cap has radially elongated tubes. The spore deposit is yellow-brown. The edibility of the mushroom is unknown. Historically, its unique combination of morphological features resulted in the transfer of ''B. castanella'' to six different Boletaceae genera. Molecular phylogenetic analysis, published in 2007, demonstrated that the species was genetically unique enough to warrant placement in its own genus. ==Taxonomy== |2=''Boletus fechtneri'' }} }} |2= }} |2=''Fistulinella viscida'' }} }} }} |caption=Phylogeny of ''B. castanella'' and related boletus based on nuclear large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA sequences.〔 }} The bolete was first named ''Boletinus castanellus'' by American mycologist Charles Horton Peck in 1900. The type was collected in New Jersey by botanist Edward Sterling.〔 William Alphonso Murrill transferred it to ''Boletinellus'' in 1909; his generic concept of ''Boletinus'' included a ring on the stipe.〔 Rolf Singer placed it in ''Gyrodon'' in 1938,〔 while Wally Snell and Esther Dick thought the species to be more appropriately placed in ''Xerocomus'', and transferred it to that genus in 1958.〔 Alexander H. Smith and Harry D. Thiers moved it to ''Suillus'' in their 1964 treatment of North American species.〔 In more recent history (1996), it has been moved to ''Chalciporus''.〔 Snell and Dick's ''Boletinus squarrosoides'' (later moved by different authors to ''Phylloporus'', ''Xerocomus'', and ''Chalciporus'')〔 is a facultative synonym (based on a different type) of ''B. castanella''.〔 In their original 1936 publication, they compared the two species, and noted that ''Boletinus squarrosoides'' differed from ''B. castanellus'' by "reddish brown color, terete scaliness, and yellow colors of the flesh, tubes and stipe."〔 By 1958, after having examined additional collections, they realized that the two species were conspecific and represented morphological variations of each other.〔 In 2007, Roy Halling and colleagues published molecular analysis showing that the species was genetically and morphologically distinct enough to deserve placement in a new Boletaceae genus, which they named ''Bothia''. Since the original type has been lost, they designated a neotype from a collection made in Reading, Pennsylvania. ''Bothia'' is named in honor of mycologist Ernst E. Both, formerly curator emeritus of the Buffalo Museum of Science, and "promoter, facilitator and consummate student of boletology".〔 The specific epithet ''castanella'', which means "small chestnut", refers to the color of the cap.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bothia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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