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|Section2= |Section3= }} Botrydial is a phytotoxic sesquiterpene metabolite secreted by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. Botrydial was first isolated and described in 1974.〔Lindner, H.J.; von Groose, B. Chem. Ber. 1974, 107, 3332-3336〕 Botrytis Cinerea is the causal agent of gray mold disease and is known to attack a wide range of plants (over 200 species) producing leaf-spot diseases and mildews on lettuces and tomatoes as well as rotting berries.〔Collado, I.G.; Hernandez-Galan, R.; Duran-Patron, R.; Cantoral, J.M. Phytochemistry. 1995, 38, 647-650〕 For this reason, botrydial, as well as other Botrytis Cinerea originated sesquiterpene metabolites, represent an economically important disease for ornamental and agriculturally important crops.〔(a) Williamson, B.; Tudzynski, B.; Tudzynski, P.; van Kan, J. A. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2007, 8, 561–580. (b) Choquer, M.; Fournier, E.; Kunz, C.; Levis, C.; Pradier, J. M.; Simon, A.; Viaud, M. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2007, 277, 1–10〕 From all the metabolites produced by this fungus, Botrydial exhibits the highest phytotoxic activity.〔Colmenares, A. J.; Aleu, J., Duran-Patron, R.; Collado, I. G.; Hernandez-Galan, R. J. Chem. Ecol. 2002, 28, 997-1005〕 == Biosynthesis == Botrydial originates from the BcBOT2 (Botrytiscinerea BOTrydial biosynthesis) mediated cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to key intermdiate tricyclic alcohol presilphiperfolan-8β-ol. Pinedo et al. demonstrated that BcBOT2 is in fact a sesquiterpene synthase by incubation of FPP with recombinant BcBOT2 protein, which yielded the expected presilphiperfolan-8-ol as the major product. 4 other genes are then involved in the biosynthesis of botrydial: 3 genes that encode for a P450 monooxygenase (BcBOT3, BcBOT1,BcBOT4) and a BcBOT5 gene whose amino acid sequence showed high homology to known acetyl transferases. This brought Pinedo et al. to the conclusion that BcBOT5 is probably responsible for introducing the acetyl group on C-4. They also concluded from quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis that the five consecutive genes are co-regulated by the same BCG1-calcineurim transduction pathway.〔Pinedo, C.; Wang, C. M.; Pradier, J. M.; Dalmais, B.; Choquer, M.; Le Pecheur, P.; Morgant, G.; Collado, I. G.; Cane, D. E.; Viaud, M. ACS Chem. Biol. 2008, 3, 791-801.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Botrydial」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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