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''Botrypus virginianus'', sometimes called rattlesnake fern, is a low-growing herb in the Ophioglossales, commonly a foot high or smaller. The plant is ternately branched and the leaves feel soft. The stem is bicolor, being pinkish or light tan at the base but greenish nearer the branches or leaves. This is a wide-ranging species. It abounds in many parts of the United States, in the mountains of Mexico, in Australia, in some parts of Asia, as the Himalaya Mountains, and is found also in Norway, in the Karelia region of Finland and Russia, and around Gulf of Bothnia, although in no other part of Europe. It is large and succulent and is boiled and eaten in the Himalayas, etc. It is called Rattlesnake Fern in some parts of North America, from its growing in places where rattlesnakes are also found. Recent research has determined that the mitochondria are genetic chimera. DNA from some member of the Santalales, possibly a species of mistletoe, has transferred to the mitochondrial genome of this species of fern.〔Davis, C. C., et al. 2005. (Gene transfer from a parasitic flowering plant to a fern. ) ''Proc. R. Soc. B'' 272, 2237–2242.〕 It is believed that this transfer may have helped to enable this plant's cosmopolitan global distribution. This plant has long been included in the genus ''Botrychium'', but is unique within the genus because of chromosome number and other signatures, including the inclusion of presumed mistletoe dna within its mitochondria. Recent research has established that this plant is sister to all other Botrychioid plants, including both the genus ''Botrychium'' sensu strictu, and the genus ''Sceptridium'', with the exception of a single known species, previously included in ''Botrypus'', which is ''B. strictus''. That plant was shown to be sister to all other Botrychioids, including ''B. virginianus'', so must be segregated in its own genus. This fern has been used medicinally. In India it is still used to treat dysentery.〔(Ethnobotanical Leaflets )〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Botrypus virginianus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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