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Boustrophedon
Boustrophedon ( or ; from , ' “ox-turning” from , ', “ox” , , ', “turn” and the adverbial suffix -, "like, in the manner of"; that is, turning like oxen in ploughing)〔, , .〕 is a kind of bi-directional text, mostly seen in ancient manuscripts and other inscriptions. Every other line of writing is flipped or reversed, with reversed letters. Rather than going left-to-right as in modern English, or right-to-left as in Arabic and Hebrew, alternate lines in boustrophedon must be read in opposite directions. Also, the individual characters are reversed, or mirrored. It was a common way of writing in stone in Ancient Greece.
== Explanation ==
Many ancient scripts, such as Safaitic and Sabaean, were frequently or typically written boustrophedonically, but in Greek it is found most commonly in archaic inscriptions, becoming less and less popular throughout the Hellenistic period.
By analogy, the term may be used in other areas to describe this kind of alternation of motion or writing. For example, it is occasionally used to describe the print head motion of certain dot matrix computer printers. In that case, while the print head moves in opposite directions on alternate lines, the printed text is usually not in boustrophedon format.〔(Boustrophedon ) in the Jargon File of hacker slang〕
The Hungarian folklorist Gyula Sebestyén (1864-1946) states, the ancient boustrophedon writing corresponds the way, how the Hungarian rovás-sticks provided by old Hungarian writing were made by the shepherds. The notcher holds the wooden stick in his left hand, cutting the letters with his right hand from right to left. When the first side is ready, he flips over the stick vertically and starts to notch the opposite side by the same way. When unfolded horizontally (as in the case of the stone-cut boustrophedon inscriptions), the final result is a writing which starts from the right to left, and continued from left to right in the next row, with letters turn upside down. Sebestyén states, the ancient boustrophedon writings were copied from such wooden sticks with cut letters, applied for epigraphic inscriptions (not recognizing the real meaning of the original wooden type).〔Sebestyén Gyula: ''A magyar rovásírás hiteles emlékei.'' Budapest, 1915. 22., 137–138., 160.)〕
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