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''Brachyplatystoma'' is a genus of catfish from the family Pimelodidae. As the occasionally used common name goliath catfishes indicates, this genus includes some of the largest species of catfish, including the Piraíba, ''B. filamentosum'', which reaches up to the region of in length. ''Brachyplatystoma'' are found in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, and other tropical freshwater and brackish habitats in South America. Some species are migratory. These fish are important as food fish and, to some extent, aquarium fish. ==Taxonomy== ''Brachyplatystoma'' originates from Greek ''brachys'', ''platys'', and ''stoma'', which mean ''short'', ''flat'', and ''mouth'' respectively. This genus was described in 1862 by Pieter Bleeker. The type species is ''B. vaillantii''.〔 The subgenus ''Malacobagrus'' is applied to ''B. capapretum'', ''B. filamentosum'', ''B. rousseauxii'', and the extinct species ''B. promagdalena'', which only is known from fossil remains.〔〔 ''Brachyplatystoma'' and its monotypic sister group ''Platynematichthys'' are the only genera in the tribe Brachyplatystomatini. These two genera are characterized by two synapomorphies; these include a gas bladder divided into an anterior portion and a triangular posterior portion, as well as a ventral crest under the cleithrum, the main bone supporting the pectoral fins.〔 The genus ''Brachyplatystoma'' was previously not monophyletic; to correct this, the genera ''Merodontotus'' and ''Goslinia'' are now both included under ''Brachyplatysoma''. Furthermore, a new species was described in 2005, which brings the species count to seven extant species. ''B. capapretum'' is sister to ''B. filamentosum''.〔 ''B. flavicans'' is not actually a species of ''Brachyplatystoma''; this name is a commonly used synonym of ''Zungaro zungaro''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brachyplatystoma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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