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Bracovirus
''Bracovirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family Polydnaviridae. Bracoviruses are an ancient symbiotic virus contained in parasitic braconid wasps that evolved off of the ''nudivirus'' about 190 million years ago and has been evolving at least 100 million years.〔http://www.livescience.com/16015-oldest-viruses-insects.html〕 It is one of two genera belonging to the ''Polydnaviridae'' family, ''Ichnovirus'' being the other genus. There are currently 32 species in this genus including the type species Cotesia melanoscela bracovirus.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/577.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release )〕
==Symbiosis==
Parasitoid wasps are the natural hosts for ''Bracoviruses'', though the virus does not cause disease in these wasps. Instead, the wasps are themselves parasites of lepidoptera. The wasp injects one or more eggs into its lepidoptera host along with a quantity of virus. The virus does not replicate inside the wasp's host, but expression of viral genes prevents its immune system from killing the wasp's egg and causes other physiological alterations that ultimately cause the parasitized host to die.〔 Studies conducted on ''Cotesia congregata'' have shown that male wasps do contain proviral sequences of DNA, but the females are the ones responsible for the amplification of the viral DNA.〔http://jvi.asm.org/content/87/17/9649.full.pdf〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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