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Bradost
Bradost or Baradust〔http://www.tutiempo.net/Tierra/Irak/Baradust-IZ005402.html〕 name of a Kurdish tribe, region, mountain range, river, and amirate. the tribe inhabit a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Sumai Bradost, Doll (Dizadj), Berdasor, Dimdim Castle, Mergever and Tergever. Those in the Bradost clan speak a Kurmanci dialect. The clan formed a powerful principality around Urmia. The Battle of DimDim〔(DIMDIM )〕 in 1609 was fought between the Bradost Prince Amir Khan Lepzerin and Shah Abbas.
==Geo-History of Bradost==
The tribe, lives in sidakan subdistrict (ناحيه-nahia) of Soran District (قضاء-qaza) in Arbil Governorate (muhafaza-محافظه), Iraq. They are Sunni Muslim and some Christians, speak the Kurmanji dialect of Kurdish mixed with the neighboring Sorani dialects. According to Bedlisi,〔Amir Šaraf Khan Bedlīsī, Šaraf-nāma, ed. M. ʿAbbāsī, Tehran, 1343 Š./1964〕〔(تاريخ شرفنامه-بدليسي, pp. 382-88) )〕 the tribe must have been much larger, occupying the entire region to the west of Lake Urmia.
The region comprised, in the early 11th/late 16th century, several sub-districts (nahias) including Targavar, Margavar, Dol, Sumay, and Urmia.〔(شرفنامه-بدليسي , pp. 382-88 )〕 The Ottoman-Persian frontier of 1639, which survived until World War I and forms the present boundary of Iran with Turkey and Iraq, divided Bradost territory into two parts. In the late 13th/19th-century administrative division of the Ottoman empire, Bradost was a nahia of Rawanduz qaza, shahrazur sanjaq, Mosul weleyat (.〔Cuinet, La Turquie d’Asie II, Paris, 1892, p. 846〕 Following the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire, this nahia was officially incorporated into Iraq in 1925, where it had 108 villages with a population of 5,185 in 1957.〔Iraq Republic, Wezārat al-Dāḵelīya, Modīrīyat al-Nofūs al-ʿĀmma, al-Majmūʿa al-eḥṣāʾīya le-tasjīl ʿamm 1957; Sokkān al-qorā le-alwīat al-Mūṣel wa’l- Solaymānīya wa Arbīl wa Karkūk wa Dīālā, Baghdad, 1961, pp. 234-42〕 Under the Qajar dynasty, the western limits of Margavar, Dasht, Targavar, Baradost, and Sumay formed part of the often disputed Ottoman-Persian frontier.〔(Jaʿfar Khan Mohandesbāšī Mošīr-al-Dawla, Resāla-ye taḥqīqāt-e sarḥaddīya, Tehran, 1348 Š./1969, p. 150)〕 In the administrative redivision of Iran under the Pahlavis, the boundaries of the traditional nahias or mahal of Bradost, Targavar, Margavar, Dol, and Somay were left more or less intact forming dehestans دهستان of Urmia (.〔Ketāb-e asāmī-e dehāt-e kešvar, Wezārat-e Kešvar, Edāra-ye Koll-e Āmār wa Ṯabt-e Aḥwāl, vol. 1, 1329 Š./1950, pp. 460-73)〕 The decennial census of 2006 counted 63 villages with a population of 40189 in Bradost dehestan.〔http://www.amar.org.ir/portal/faces/public/census85/census85.natayej/census85.abadipage پایگاه اینترنتی مرکز آمار ایران〕
The snow-fed Bradost river rises in the peaks of the mountain range along the Iran-Turkey border, flows through Baradost territory, and, joined by other headwaters, forms Nazluchay, which discharges into Lake Urmia to the northeast of the city of Urmia (〔Times Atlas, pl. 37; Gazetteer of Iran I, map I-11-B〕).
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