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Hinterer Bratschenkopf
The Hinterer Bratschenkopf is a mountain in the Glockner Group on the Fusch-Kaprun ridge (''Fuscher / Kapruner Kamm'') in the High Tauern, a high mountain range in the Austrian Central Alps. According to the listed sources it is 3,412 metres high, but the Austrian Federal Office for Metrology and Survey gives its height as 3,413 metres. The mountain lies in the Austrian state of Salzburg. It appears from the north, east and south as a gently curved firn summit, but from the west it has a mighty, 1,400 metre high and 40 to 60° rock face. A steep, 500 metre long knife-edge ridge bears away from the mountaintop to the north. Due to its close proximity to the Heinrich Schwaiger Haus, the summit is a popular viewing point. The peak was first climbed on 18 September 1869 by the Munich Alpinist, Karl Hofmann, the Prague businessman, Johann Stüdl, and mountain guides Thomas Groder and Josef Schnell from Kals am Großglockner.〔''Zeitschrift des Deutschen und Oesterreichischen Alpenvereins'', Band III, Munich 1872, p. 68〕
== Origin of the name ==
The name "Hinterer Bratschenkopf" was given to the mountain in 1871 on the recommendation of the Imperial and Royal Austrian survey officer, Major Joseph Pelikan, of Plauenwald. On the old Tauern map by Franz Keil dating to 1855 the peak was still described as the ''Glockerin'', which went back to Karl Sonklar and Johann Stüdl, whilst the peak known today as the Klockerin was still unknown then. The word ''bratschen'' in German means the broken piles of calc-schist rock often found at height in the High Tauern.
The names of the surrounding mountains were rather confusing. "Kleiner", "Mittlerer", "Großer" and "Vorderer Bärenkopf" (i.e. "Little", "Middle", "Great" and "Fore") were designations arbitrarily given to different peaks and, in some cases, the same peaks. Not until the 1891 Alpine Club map was issued was there an authoritative allocation of names, that gave a recognised schema for Alpinists and reduced the then common difficulties of orientation and mistakes in climbing and surveying.〔Eduard Richter: ''Die Erschließung der Ostalpen'', Vol. III, Berlin 1894, p. 202 ff.〕
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