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Beat 'em up
Beat 'em up (also known as brawler) is a video game genre featuring melee combat between the protagonist and an improbably large number of underpowered enemies. These games typically take place in urban settings and feature crime-fighting and revenge-based plots, though some games may employ historical or fantasy themes. Traditional beat 'em ups take place in scrolling, two-dimensional (2D) levels, though some later games feature more open three-dimensional (3D) environments with yet larger numbers of enemies. These games are noted for their simple gameplay, a source of both critical acclaim and derision. Two-player cooperative gameplay and multiple player characters are also hallmarks of the genre.
The first influential beat 'em up was 1984's ''Kung-Fu Master'', with 1986's ''Renegade'' introducing the urban settings and underworld revenge themes employed extensively by later games. The genre then saw a period of high popularity between the release of ''Double Dragon'' in 1987, which defined the two-player cooperative mode central to classic beat 'em ups, and 1991's ''Street Fighter II'', which drew gamers towards one-on-one fighting games. Games such as ''Streets of Rage'', ''Final Fight'' and ''Golden Axe'' are other classics to emerge from this period. The genre has been less popular since the emergence of 3D-based mass-market games, but still some beat 'em ups adapted the simple formula to utilize large-scale 3D environments.
== Definition ==
A beat 'em up (sometimes also called "brawlers")〔Thomas, Lucas M., (Justice League Heroes: The Flash ), ''Yahoo! Games'', Oct 27, 2007, Accessed Mar 22, 2009〕〔 is a type of action game where the player character must fight a large number of enemies in unarmed combat or with melee weapons.〔Davis, Ryan, (The Hulk (Xbox) ), ''CNET'', May 5, 2003. Retrieved March 24, 2009.〕〔Ellis, David, (MadWorld Review for the Wii ), ''1UP'', March 10, 2009. Retrieved March 24, 2009.〕〔Ashcraft, Brian, (2008) ''Arcade Mania! The Turbo-Charged World of Japan's Games Centers'', Kodansha International, p. 159〕 Gameplay consists of walking through a level, one section at a time, defeating a group of enemies before advancing to the next section; a boss fight normally occurs at the end of each level.〔Navarro, Alex, (McFarlane's Evil Prophecy Game (PS2) ), ''CNET'', June 15, 2004, Accessed Mar 27, 2009〕 However arcade versions of these games are often quite difficult to win, causing players to spend more money to try to win.〔Navarro, Alex, (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (Xbox 360) ), ''CNET'', Mar 14, 2007, Accessed Mar 27, 2009〕
Beat 'em ups are related to—but distinct from—fighting games, which are based around one-on-one matches rather than scrolling levels and multiple enemies.〔 Such terminology is loosely applied, however,〔 as some commentators prefer to conflate the two terms. At times, both one-on-one fighting games and scrolling beat 'em ups have influenced each other in terms of graphics and style and can appeal to fans of either genre.〔 Occasionally, a game will feature both kinds of gameplay.〔Wales, Matt, (Super Smash Bros. Brawl UK Review ), ''IGN'', June 8, 2008. Retrieved March 24, 2009.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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