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The ''Brihadaranyaka Upanishad'' (Sanskrit: ) is one of the Mukhya Upanishads and one of the oldest as well.〔Paul Deussen, (The Philosophy of the Upanishads ), Motilal Banarsidass (2011 Edition), ISBN 978-8120816206, page 23〕 A key scripture to various schools of Hinduism, the ''Brihadaranyaka Upanisad'' is tenth in the Muktikā or "canon of 108 Upanishads".〔Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 2, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120814691, pages 556-557〕 The ''Brihadaranyaka Upanishad'' is estimated to have been composed about 700 BCE, excluding some parts estimated to have been composed after the ''Chandogya Upanishad''.〔Olivelle, Patrick . ''Upaniṣhads.'' Oxford University Press, 1998, pages 3–4〕 The Sanskrit language text is contained within the ''Shatapatha Brahmana'', which is itself a part of the Shukla Yajur Veda. The ''Brihadaranyaka Upanishad'' is a treatise on Ātman (Soul, Self), includes passages on metaphysics, ethics and a yearning for knowledge that influenced various Indian religions, ancient and medieval scholars, and attracted secondary works such as those by Madhvacharya and Adi Shankara.〔(Brihadaranyaka Upanishad with Adi Shankara's commentary ) S. Madhavananada (Translator)〕〔Brihadaranyaka Upanisad with the commentary of Madhvacharya, Translated by Rai Bahadur Sriśa Chandra Vasu (1933), 〕 ==Chronology== The ''Brihadaranyaka Upanishad'' was composed in the earlier part of 1st millennium BCE. The exact year, and even the century of the Upanishad composition is unknown. Scholars have offered different estimates ranging from 900 BCE to 600 BCE, all preceding Buddhism. According to a 1998 review by Olivelle,〔Olivelle, Patrick (1998), Upaniṣads, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-282292-6, pages 10-17〕 ''Brihadaranyaka'' is one of the oldest Upanishads, along with ''Jaiminiya Upanishad'' and ''Chandogya Upanishads''.〔Fujii, M. 1997, “On the Formation and Transmission of the Jaiminīya-Upaniṣad-Brāhmaṇa”, Inside the Texts, Beyond the Texts: New Approaches to the Study of the Vedas, ed. M. Witzel, Harvard Oriental Series, Opera Minora, 2], Cambridge, 89–102〕 It was composed around 700 BCE, give or take a century or so,〔Patrick Olivelle (2014), The Early Upanishads, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195124354, page 12-13〕 but it is likely that the text was a living document and some verses were edited over a period of time before the 6th century BCE.〔 The chronology of ''Brihadaranyaka Upanishad'', like other Upanishads, is uncertain and contested.〔Stephen Phillips (2009), Yoga, Karma, and Rebirth: A Brief History and Philosophy, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0231144858, Chapter 1〕 The chronology is difficult to resolve because all opinions rest on scanty evidence, an analysis of archaism, style and repetitions across texts, driven by assumptions about likely evolution of ideas, and on presumptions about which philosophy might have influenced which other Indian philosophies.〔 Patrick Olivelle states, "in spite of claims made by some, in reality, any dating of these documents (early Upanishads) that attempts a precision closer than a few centuries is as stable as a house of cards".〔 The chronology and authorship of ''Brihadaranyaka Upanishad'', along with ''Chandogya'' and ''Kaushitaki Upanishads'', is further complicated because they are compiled anthologies of literature that must have existed as independent texts before they became part of these Upanishads.〔Patrick Olivelle (2014), The Early Upanishads, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195124354, page 11-12〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brihadaranyaka Upanishad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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