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Bridgnorth is a town in Shropshire, England, situated on the Severn Valley. It is split into ''High Town'' and ''Low Town'', named on account of their elevations relative to the River Severn, which separates the upper town on the right bank from the lower on the left. The population of the town of Bridgnorth was 11,891, at the 2001 Census rising to 12,079 at the 2011 Census. ==History== Bridgnorth is named after a bridge over the River Severn, that was built further north than an earlier bridge at Quatford. The earliest historical reference to the town is in 895, at which time it is recorded that the Danes created a camp at ''Cwatbridge'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bridgnorth )〕 and subsequently in 912, Æthelfleda constructed a mound on the west bank of the River Severn, or possibly on the site of Bridgnorth Castle, as part of an offensive against the Danes.〔 Earliest names for Bridgnorth include Brigge, Brug and Bruges, all referring to its position on the Severn. After the Norman conquest, William I granted the manor of Bridgnorth to Roger de Montgomerie. The town itself was not created until 1101, when Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury, the son of Roger de Montgomerie, moved from Quatford, constructing a castle and church on the site of the modern-day town. The town became a royal borough on Robert Bellême's attainder in 1102. The castle's purpose was to defend against attacks from Wales.〔 The town was attacked and burnt by Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March during the Despenser War in 1322. Bridgnorth's town walls were initially constructed in timber between 1216 and 1223; murage grants allowed them to be upgraded to stone between the 13th and 15th centuries.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fragment of Town Walls (listed section), rear of 93 Cartway (E and N side), SMRNO00374 )〕 By the 16th century, the antiquarian John Leland reported them in ruins and of the five gates, only one survives today.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bridgnorth Town Defences )〕 It is probable that Henry I granted the burgesses certain privileges, for Henry II confirmed to them all the franchises and customs which they had in the time of Henry I.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BRIDGNORTH, Shropshire - Extract from National Gazetteer, 1868 )〕 King John in 1215 granted them freedom from toll throughout England except the city of London, and in 1227 Henry III conferred several new rights and liberties, among which were a gild merchant with a hanse. These early charters were confirmed by several succeeding kings, Henry VI granting in addition Assize of Bread and Ale and other privileges. The burgesses were additionally granted two fairs: a yearly fair on the feast of the Translation of St. Leonard and three following days was granted in 1359, and in 1630, Charles I granted them licence to hold another fair on the Thursday before the first week in Lent and two following days.The burgesses returned two members to parliament in 1295,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Parliamentary Constituencies in the unreformed House )〕 and continued to do so until 1867, when they were assigned only one member. The town was disfranchised in 1885. More than 255 men from the Bridgnorth area volunteered in the first months of the First World War. Their names were published in the Bridgnorth Journal on 26 December 1914 and several of those killed in action are remembered on the war memorial situated in the castle grounds. Until 1961 the Royal Air Force's initial recruit training unit was at RAF Bridgnorth, a station opened in 1939. During the Second World War, two women were killed during a German air raid in August 1940 when bombs hit neighbouring houses in High Town.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bridgnorth Cemetery Details )〕 In 2005, unverified German papers dating from 1941 were found, outlining new details about Operation Sea Lion, the military plans of Nazi Germany for an invasion of Britain. Two quiet Shropshire towns were mentioned in the documentation—Ludlow and Bridgnorth. Some experts believe that it was Hitler's intention to make Bridgnorth his personal headquarters in Britain, due to its central position in the UK, rural location, rail connections and now-disused airfield. In 1978, Bridgnorth twinned itself with the French town of Thiers, and later in 1992 it also twinned with the Bavarian town of Schrobenhausen, Germany〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Twin Towns )〕 that had already twinned with Thiers a few years earlier. On 21 August 2003 Bridgnorth was granted Fairtrade Town status.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History Of Bridgnorth, Shropshire )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bridgnorth」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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