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Brigandage
Brigandage refers to the life and practice of brigands: highway robbery and plunder.〔Oxford English Dictionary second edition, 1989. "Brigandage" The first recorded usage of the word was by "() Holland ''Livy'' XXXVIII. xlv. 1011e, A privat brigandage and robberie."〕 A brigand is a person who usually lives in a gang and lives by pillage and robbery.〔Oxford English Dictionary second edition, 1989. "Brigand.2" first recorded usage of the word was by "H. LUTTRELL in Ellis ''Orig. Lett.'' II. 27 I. 85 Ther ys no steryng of none evyl doers, saf byonde the rivere of Sayne..of certains brigaunts."〕
== Origin of the word ==
The brigand is supposed to derive his name from the Old French brigand, which is a form of the Italian ''brigante'', an irregular or partisan soldier. There can be no doubt as to the origin of the word ''bandit'', which has the same meaning. In Italy, which is considered the home of the most accomplished European brigands, a ''bandito'' was a man declared outlaw by proclamation, or ''bando'',
called in Scotland "''a decree of horning''" because it was delivered by a blast of a horn at the town cross.
The brigand, therefore, is the outlaw who conducts warfare after the manner of an irregular or partisan soldier by skirmishes and surprises, who makes the war support itself by plunder, by extorting blackmail, by capturing prisoners and holding them to ransom, who enforces his demands by violence, and kills the prisoners who cannot pay.〔Oxford English Dictionary second edition 1989 brigandry "1980 Guardian Weekly 28 Dec. 14/2 Today the rebels wound, mutilate, and kill civilians: where do you draw the fine line between subversion and brigandry?"〕
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