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|population_total = () |population_as_of = |population_density_km2 = |population_demonym=Brightonian |population_blank1_title = Ethnicity |population_blank1 = |timezone1 = GMT |utc_offset1 = 0 |timezone_DST = BST |utc_offset_DST = +1 |postal_code_type = Postcode area |postal_code = BN |area_code = 01273 |blank_name = ISO 3166-2 |blank_info = GB-BNH |blank1_name = ONS code |blank1_info = 00ML (ONS) E06000043 (GSS) |blank2_name = OS grid reference |blank2_info = |blank3_name = NUTS 3 |blank3_info = UKJ21 |website = (brighton-hove.gov.uk ) }} Brighton is a seaside resort and the largest part of the City of Brighton and Hove situated in East Sussex, England.〔OS Explorer map 122: Brighton and Hove. Scale: 1:25 000. Publisher:Ordnance Survey – Southampton B2 edition. Publishing Date:2009. ISBN 978 0319240816〕 Historically in the Rape of Lewes in Sussex, Brighton forms a part of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=KS01 Usual resident population: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas )〕 Brighton is at the heart of the Greater Brighton City Region, a partnership of local authorities and other organisations that signifies Brighton's wider regional economic significance.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=City Deal; The beginning of a great city region )〕 Over half of the city's area is open downland, most of which lies within the South Downs National Park〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Parks and green spaces - Nature Reserves )〕 and forms part of the UNESCO-recognised Brighton and Lewes Downs biosphere reserve.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Brighton and Lewes Downs Biosphere )〕 Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates back to the Bronze Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods. The ancient settlement of "Brighthelmstone" was documented in the ''Domesday Book'' (1086). The town's importance grew during the Middle Ages as the Old Town developed, but it languished in the early modern period, affected by foreign attacks, storms, a suffering economy and a declining population. During the modern period, Brighton began to attract more visitors following improved road transport to London and becoming a boarding point for boats travelling to France. The town also developed in popularity as a health resort for sea bathing as a purported cure for illnesses. In the Georgian era, Brighton developed as a fashionable seaside resort, encouraged by the patronage of the Prince Regent (later King George IV), who spent much time in the town and constructed the Royal Pavilion during the early part of his Regency. Brighton continued to grow as a major centre of tourism following the arrival of the railways in 1841, becoming a popular destination for day-trippers from London. Many of the major attractions were built during the Victorian era, including the Grand Hotel, the West Pier, and the Brighton Palace Pier. The town continued to grow into the 20th century, expanding to incorporate more areas into the town's boundaries before joining the town of Hove to form the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove in 1997, which was granted city status in 2000. Brighton's location has made it a popular destination for tourists, renowned for its diverse communities, quirky shopping areas, large cultural, music and arts scene〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=England's best cultural cities: From Newcastle to Portsmouth, these iconic metropolises offer visitors a host of treats - Daily Mail Online )〕 and its large LGBT population, leading to its reverence as the "gay capital of the UK."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sorry Bristol, Brighton is probably the best city in the UK - Metro News )〕 Brighton attracts over 8.5 million visitors annually〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=VisitBrighton celebrates city's tourism successes )〕 and is the most popular seaside destination in the UK for overseas tourists.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Brighton is most popular UK seaside destination for overseas tourists )〕 Brighton has also been called the UK's "hippest city" and "the happiest place to live in the UK."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Brighton: 'The Happiest Place In The UK' )〕 ==Etymology== Brighton's earliest name was ''Bristelmestune'', recorded in the ''Domesday Book''. Although more than 40 variations have been documented, ''Brighthelmstone'' (or ''Brighthelmston'') was the standard rendering between the 14th and 18th centuries. Brighton was originally an informal shortened form, first seen in 1660; it gradually supplanted the longer name, and was in general use from the late 18th century. ''Brighthelmstone'' was the town's official name until 1810, though.〔 The name is of Saxon origin. Most scholars believe that it derives from ''Beorthelm'' + ''tūn''—the homestead of Beorthelm, a common Saxon name associated with villages elsewhere in England.〔 The ''tūn'' element is common in Sussex, especially on the coast, although it occurs infrequently in combination with a personal name. An alternative etymology taken from the Saxon words for "stony valley" is sometimes given but has less acceptance.〔 ''Brighthelm'' gives its name to, among other things, a church and a pub in Brighton and some halls of residence at the University of Sussex. Writing in 1950, historian Antony Dale noted that unnamed antiquaries had suggested an Old English word "brist" or "briz", meaning "divided", could have contributed the first part of the historic name Brighthelmstone. The town was originally split in half by the Wellesbourne, a winterbourne which was culverted and buried in the 18th century. Brighton has several nicknames. Poet Horace Smith called it "The Queen of Watering Places", which is still widely used, and "Old Ocean's Bauble". Novelist William Makepeace Thackeray referred to "Doctor Brighton", calling the town "one of the best of Physicians". "London-by-Sea" is well-known, reflecting Brighton's popularity with Londoners as a day-trip resort, a commuter dormitory and a desirable destination for those wanting to move out of the metropolis. "The Queen of Slaughtering Places", a pun on Smith's description, became popular when the Brighton trunk murders came to the public's attention in the 1930s.〔 The mid 19th-century nickname "School Town" referred to the remarkable number of boarding, charity and church schools in the town at the time. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brighton」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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