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British Rail Class 47
The British Rail Class 47 is a class of British railway diesel-electric locomotive that was developed in the 1960s by Brush Traction. A total of 512 Class 47s were built at Crewe Works and Brush's Falcon Works, Loughborough between 1962 and 1968, which made them the most numerous class of British mainline diesel locomotive.
They were fitted with the Sulzer 12LDA28C twin-bank twelve-cylinder unit producing - though this was later derated to to improve reliability - and have been used on both passenger and freight trains on Britain's railways for over 50 years. Despite the introduction of more modern types of traction, as of 2013 a significant number are still in use, both on the mainline and on heritage railways. As of July 2015, 82 locomotives still exist as Class 47s, with further examples having been converted to other classes; approximately 30 retain "operational status" on the mainline.
==Origins==
The Class 47 history begins in the early 1960s with the stated aim of the British Transport Commission (BTC) to completely remove steam locomotives from British Rail by a target date of 1968.〔The railways archive - Retrieved on 2007-06-15〕 They therefore required a large build of lightweight Type 4 locomotives to achieve this aim. This required locomotives producing at least but with an axle load of no more than . However, the BTC were not convinced that the future of diesel traction lay down the hydraulic transmission path of the Western Region, and began looking at various diesel-electric designs.
Despite the construction of two demonstration locomotives (''D0260 LION'', produced by AEI and BRC&W using a Sulzer engine,〔(Feature on D0260 LION ) Class47.com - Retrieved on 2007-05-31〕 and ''D0280 FALCON'', built by Brush Traction using Maybach engines),〔(Feature on D0280 FALCON ) Class47.com - Retrieved on 2007-05-31〕 the need for a large number of locomotives quickly was deemed paramount, and the pilot build of what would become Class 47 began before the prototypes could be comprehensively assessed.〔(Introduction to Prototypes ) Class47.com Retrieved on 2007-05-31〕 This initial build of 20 locomotives (Nos. D1500 to D1519) were mechanically different from the remainder of the type,〔(Class 47 history ) Gloucester Transport History - Retrieved on 2007-06-04〕 and would be withdrawn earlier. However, based on these and the success of ''LION'', an order for 270 locomotives was made, which was later revised upwards a number of times to reach the final total of 512. Five locomotives, Nos. D1702 to D1706, were fitted with a Sulzer V12 12LVA24 power unit and classified as Class 48s; the experiment was not deemed a success, and they were later converted to standard 47s.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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