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Bronchiectasis is a disease in which there is permanent enlargement of parts of the airways of the lung.〔 Symptoms typically include a chronic cough productive of mucus. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing up blood, and chest pain.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bronchiectasis )〕 Wheezing and nail clubbing may also occur. Those with the disease often get frequent lung infections.〔 Bronchiectasis may result from a number of infective and acquired causes, including pneumonia, tuberculosis, immune system problems, and cystic fibrosis.〔 Cystic fibrosis eventually results in severe bronchiectasis in nearly all cases. The cause in 10-50% of those without cystic fibrosis is unknown. The mechanism of disease is breakdown of the airways due to an excessive inflammatory response. Involved bronchi become enlarged and thus less able to clear secretions. These secretions increase the amount of bacteria in the lungs, result in airway blockage and further breakdown of the airways.〔 It is classified as an obstructive lung disease, along with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. The diagnosis is suspect based on a person's symptoms and confirmed using computer tomography. Sputum cultures may be useful to determine treatment in those who have acute worsening〔 and at least once a year.〔 Worsening may occur due to infection and in these cases antibiotics are recommended. Typical antibiotics used include amoxicillin and in those who are allergic erythromycin or doxycycline.〔 Antibiotics may also be used to prevent worsening of disease.〔 Airway clearance techniques, a type of physiotherapy, are recommended. Medications to dilate the airways may be useful in some but the evidence is not very good.〔 The use of inhaled steroids have not been found to be useful. Surgery, while commonly done, has not been well studied. Lung transplantation may be an option in those with very severe disease. While the disease may cause significant health problems〔 many other people with the disease do well.〔 In the United Kingdom the disease affects about 1 per 1000 adults.〔 The disease is more common in women and increases as people age. It was first described by Rene Laennec in 1819. The economic costs in the United States are estimated at $630 million per year.〔 ==Signs and symptoms== Some people with bronchiectasis may have a cough productive of frequent green/yellow mucus (sputum) (up to 240ml (8 oz) daily). Bronchiectasis may also present with coughing up blood in the absence of sputum, called "dry bronchiectasis". Sputum production may also occur without coloration. People with bronchiectasis may have bad breath indicative of active infection. Frequent bronchial infections and breathlessness are two possible indicators of bronchiectasis.〔 Crepitations and expiratory rhonchi may be heard on auscultation, although nail clubbing is rare.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bronchiectasis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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