|
Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi (large and medium-sized airways) of the lungs.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/brnchi )〕 Symptoms include coughing up mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort.〔 Bronchitis is divided into two types: acute and chronic.〔 Acute bronchitis is also known as a chest cold.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/brnchi )〕 Acute bronchitis usually has a cough that lasts around three weeks. In more than 90% of cases the cause is a viral infection.〔 These viruses may be spread through the air when people cough or by direct contact. Risk factors include exposure to tobacco smoke, dust, and other air pollution.〔 A small number of cases are due to high levels of air pollution or bacteria such as ''Mycoplasma pneumoniae'' or ''Bordetella pertussis''.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/brnchi/causes )〕 Treatment of acute bronchitis typically involves rest, paracetamol (acetaminophen), and NSAIDs to help with the fever.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/brnchi/treatment )〕 Chronic bronchitis is defined as a productive cough that lasts for three months or more per year for at least two years. Most people with chronic bronchitis have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Tobacco smoking is the most common cause, with a number of other factors such as air pollution and genetics playing a smaller role. Treatments include quitting smoking, vaccinations, rehabilitation, and often inhaled bronchodilators and steroids.〔 Some people may benefit from long-term oxygen therapy or lung transplantation. Acute bronchitis is one of the most common diseases.〔 About 5% of adults are affected and about 6% of children have at least one episode a year. In 2010, COPD affects 329 million people or nearly 5% of the population. In 2013, it resulted in 2.9 million deaths up from 2.4 million deaths in 1990. ==Acute bronchitis== (詳細はinflammation of the bronchi of the lungs.〔〔 The most common symptom is a cough.〔 Other symptoms include coughing up mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, fever, and chest discomfort. The infection may last from a few to ten days.〔 The cough may persist for several weeks afterwards with the total duration of symptoms usually around three weeks.〔〔 Some have symptoms for up to six weeks.〔 In more than 90% of cases the cause is a viral infection.〔 These viruses may be spread through the air when people cough or by direct contact. Risk factors include exposure to tobacco smoke, dust, and other air pollution.〔 A small number of cases are due to high levels of air pollution or bacteria such as ''Mycoplasma pneumoniae'' or ''Bordetella pertussis''.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/brnchi/causes )〕 Diagnosis is typically based on a person's signs and symptoms.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/brnchi/diagnosis )〕 The color of the sputum does not indicate if the infection is viral or bacterial. Determining the underlying organism is typically not needed.〔 Other causes of similar symptoms include asthma, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis, and COPD.〔 A chest X-ray may be useful to detect pneumonia.〔 Prevention is by not smoking and avoiding other lung irritants. Frequent hand washing may also be protective.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/brnchi/prevention )〕 Treatment of acute bronchitis typically involves rest, paracetamol (acetaminophen), and NSAIDs to help with the fever.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/brnchi/treatment )〕 Cough medicine has little support for its use and is not recommended in children less than six years of age.〔 There is tentative evidence that salbutamol may be useful in those with wheezing; however, it may result in nervousness.〔 Antibiotics should generally not be used. An exception is when acute bronchitis is due to pertussis. Tentative evidence supports honey and pelargonium to help with symptoms.〔 Acute bronchitis is one of the most common diseases.〔〔 About 5% of adults are affected and about 6% of children have at least one episode a year.〔 It occurs more often in the winter. More than 10 million people in the United States visit a doctor each year for this condition with about 70% receiving antibiotics which are mostly not needed. There are efforts to decrease the use of antibiotics in acute bronchitis. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bronchitis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|