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In Greek mythology, Broteas, a hunter, was the ugly son of Tantalus (by Dione, Euryanassa or Eurythemista), whose other offspring were Niobe and Pelops. == Sculpture == He was said to have carved the most ancient image of the Great Mother of the Gods (Cybele), an image that in Pausanias' day (2nd century CE) was still held sacred by the Magnesians. The sculpture was carved into the rock-face of the crag Coddinus, north of Spil Mount-Mount Sipylus, whose ''daemon'' was one of the mythographers' candidates for Broteas' grandfather.〔Pausanias. ''Descriptions of Greece'', iii.22.4. "the Magnesians, who live to the north of Mount Sipylus (Spil Mount), have on the rock Coddinus the most ancient of all the images of the Mother of the gods. The Magnesians say that it was made by Broteas the son of Tantalus."〕 The rock-cut carving mentioned by Pausanias was identified with the Manisa relief in 1881 by W. M. Ramsay〔W. M. Ramsay in ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies'' (1882:64) and Ramsay, "A Study of Phrygian Art" ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies'' 9 (1888:350-382).〕 and is still to be seen above the road about 6 or 7 km east of Manisa (the modern descendant of Magnesia ad Sipylum), though the head has partly cleaved away, from natural causes.〔G.E. Bean, ''Aegean Turkey: an archaeological guide'', vol. ii, pp 31-33 and pl. 3; C. P. Jones, "A Geographical Setting for the Baucis and Philemon Legend (Ovid ''Metamorphoses'' 8.611-724)" ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'' 96 (1994:203-23 and pls. I-IV) pp 210f, with bibliography.〕 The figure 8–10 metres high carved in a recess in the a cliff-face a hundred metres above the marshy plain near the village of Akpinar, has come to be confused with a nearby natural rock formation associated with Niobe, the "Niobe of Sipylus" (the "Weeping Rock", in Turkish ''Ağlayan Kaya''), also mentioned by Pausanias.〔Pausanias. ''Descriptions of Greece'', i.21.3. "this Niobe I myself saw when I had gone up to Mount Sipylus (Spil Mount). When you are near it is a beetling crag, with not the slightest resemblance to a woman, mourning or otherwise; but if you go further away you will think you see a woman in tears, with head bowed down".〕 Apart from the badly damaged head, the sitting figure is clear enough to be made out by a non-professional. The goddess with the polos headgear holds her breasts with her hands; a vague trace of four Hittite hieroglyphics could be seen on a squared section to the right of her head. The site is Hittite, second millennium BCE. Nearby, other archaeological sites traditionally associated with the House of Tantalus since Antiquity are also in fact Hittite. Some 2 km east of Akpınar there are another two monuments on Spil Mount, which are also mentioned by Pausanias: the tomb of Tantalus (Christianized as "Saint Charalambos' tomb") and the "throne of Pelops", in fact a rocky altar. Broteas was consumed on a pyre as a propitiating sacrifice. The mythic rationale, that he was a famous hunter who refused to honour Artemis. Artemis then drove him mad, causing him to immolate himself.〔"I think that this is an aetiological myth, intended to explain the rite in which a human effigy was burnt upon a pyre in the festival of the hunters' goddess," observes Martin P. Nilsson, "Fire-Festivals in Ancient Greece", ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies'' 43.2 (1923:144-148) p. 144 note 2; Nilsson cites pseudo-Apollodorus, ''Epitome'' II.2.〕 This combines three familiar mythemes. Compare the hunter Actaeon, whose sacrifice is also justified as retribution. The heir of Broteas was named Tantalus, like his grandfather. A Hesiodic papyrus fragment from Oxyrhyncus connects Dardanus, Broteas and Pandion, in a tradition of which there is no further evidence.〔''The Oxyrhyncus Papyri'', ed. E. Lobel, part xxviii (1963), no. 2503.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Broteas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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