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Brouwershaven is a small city on the Grevelingen in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 45 km southwest of Hellevoetsluis. Brouwershaven received city rights in 1477. In 2001, the town of Brouwershaven had 1307 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.39 km², and contained 705 residences.〔Statistics Netherlands (CBS), ''Bevolkingskernen in Nederland 2001'' (). (Statistics are for the continuous built-up area).〕 The statistical area "Brouwershaven", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 1540.〔Statistics Netherlands (CBS), ''Statline: Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2003-2005'' (). As of 1 January 2005.〕 ==History== Brouwershaven was founded in 1285AD as new harbor for Brijdorpe although today the harbor was silted up. The town was built as a fortified bastide, and is considered to be the first of this type of settlement in the Netherlands. The name Brouwershaven (Brewers Haven) is anecdotally thought of to have originated from the import of Beer from Delft through the port.〔Rentenaar, R. (1991) "Samenstellingen met persoonsnamen in de middeleeuwse Zeeuwse topnymie" in Archief, Mededelingen van het Koninklijk Zeeuwsch Genootschap der Wetenschappen. Middelburg, pp. 1-32〕 and is first mentioned in 1318AD. In 1403 the city got town rights but had no seat〔 Koops, drs. R. L. (1985) "Cessie inde staten" in Brouwershaven 700 jaar. Gemeente Brouwershaven, pp. 11-26〕 in the States of Zeeland.〔An attempt in to gain seats in 1619-1620 failed because of opposition by Prince Maurits and the Committe Councils due to its small size.〕 The history of Brouwershaven has always had a connection with the water. The fish and shellfish was an important source of income as was trade in wine and beer, wood, stone, wool and flax, turnips and beets. Another staple industry of the town is salt from evaporated seawater. In 1575 the little Bastide town was conquered by Spanish troops and then set on fire. From 1590 Brouwershaven was provided with earthen ramparts, surrounded by a moat. Five gates gave access to the city. When the flood of 1682 a part of the fortifications were destroyed. The fortress was disbanded in 1820, ramparts and moats to the east and north sides of the city however, are preserved. The 17th century was a heyday for the fishing port. However, with the development of larger ships came the problem of accessing the narrow port entrance and it economy began to decline. In the 19th century Brouwershaven experienced a slight revival when the Brielle Meuse and Goereese Gat silted up. Rotterdam threatened to become unreachable for ships so some shipping stopped in Brouwershaven, where the cargo was transferred to smaller vessels. The government also built a large office for pilotage and for the tax authorities there. However, a new canal in 1872 eliminated is function in favor of Rotterdam again. After the floods of 1953 improved connections and the Delta Works, the construction of a marina and promotion of tourism, have once again improved the civic life of the town. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brouwershaven」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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