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Bruchus
''Bruchus'' is a genus of beetles in the leaf beetle family, Chrysomelidae. They are distributed mainly in the Palearctic,〔Kergoat, G. J., et al. (2007). (Defining the limits of taxonomic conservatism in host–plant use for phytophagous insects: Molecular systematics and evolution of host–plant associations in the seed-beetle genus ''Bruchus'' Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). ) ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 43(1), 251-69.〕 especially in Europe.〔Kergoat, G. J., et al. (2004). (Phylogeny and host-specificity of European seed beetles (Coleoptera, Bruchidae), new insights from molecular and ecological data. ) ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 32(3), 855-65.〕 Several occur in other parts of the world, such as North America, Africa, and Australia, as introduced species.〔 Several species are notorious agricultural pests.
The genus is part of the subfamily Bruchinae. Members of the subfamily are known commonly as bean weevils. Many authors prefer to call them seed-beetles or bean beetles, because they are not true weevils, and because in most species, the larvae develop inside seeds, particularly beans.〔Kergoat, G. J. and N. Alvarez. (2008). (Assessing the phylogenetic usefulness of a previously neglected morphological structure through elliptic Fourier analyses: a case study in ''Bruchus'' seed-beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). ) ''Systematic Entomology'' 33(2), 289-300.〕〔Tuda, M. (2007). (Applied evolutionary ecology of insects of the subfamily Bruchinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). ) ''Applied Entomology and Zoology'' 42(3), 337-46.〕 Because Bruchinae was known as the family Bruchidae until the 1990s,〔 they are sometimes still called bruchid beetles.
==Description==
The genus ''Bruchus'' is well-defined by a number of characters, such as the shape of the pronotum, an arrangement of spines or plates on the tibia of the middle leg of the male, and the unique morphology of the male genitalia.〔 The latter are slender and elongated,〔Kingsolver, J. M. (''Handbook of the Bruchidae of the United States and Canada (Insecta, Coleoptera)'', Volume I. ) Technical Bulletin 1912. USDA ARS. 2004. pg. 69.〕 and the eighth abdominal sternite in particular is large and sclerotized, "with a characteristic boomerang shape".〔 This part of the genitalia has been called the "urosternite", but other authors suggest the term "ventral plate" is more appropriate.〔 The robust ventral plate of ''Bruchus'' helps distinguish the genus from other seed-beetles, which tend to have vestigial or lobe-like ventral plates.〔 The ventral plate is useful in identification because each species seems to have a distinctive shape to it, and it does not vary among individuals of one species.〔
In general, these beetles have black bodies with patterns of white or yellow setae. Some species have red or red-orange legs. The elytra are marked with straight lines.〔
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