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Brymbo is a local government community, the lowest tier of local government, part of Wrexham County Borough in Wales. It is a village situated in the hilly country to the west of Wrexham town, largely surrounded by farmland. At the 2001 Census, the population of the community area (including Brymbo village, along with the villages of Tanyfron and Bwlchgwyn and a number of rural hamlets) was 3,482,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2001 Census: Brymbo (Parish) )〕 increasing to 4,836 at the 2011 Census. It is also the name of an electoral ward of Wrexham County Borough, whose population (including Brymbo and Tanyfron only) was 2,653 at the 2001 census,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2001 Census: Brymbo (Ward) )〕 increasing to 3,981 at the 2011 Census.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ward population 2011 )〕 The area was formerly heavily dependent on coal mining and steelmaking, and the Brymbo Steelworks, which operated between 1794 and 1990, was a prominent industry for the village and much of the surrounding area. The area had a strong community spirit and at least three major railways (GWR, LNWR, LNER) made it an active center of the area.〔Charles, Geoff and Charles, Hugh, "The Golden Age of Brymbo Steam," 1997, Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. (ISBN 9780863814358). 〕 ==History== Brymbo, possibly from the Welsh ''Bryn baw'' ("mud hill" or "dirt hill") first appears in records in 1339,〔(Coedpoeth and Minera History ), accessed 08-03-10〕 although the area had clearly been occupied for centuries beforehand (see "Brymbo Man" below). At this stage Brymbo was a township covering a considerable area and containing a number of scattered settlements, farms, commons, and "wastes", or uncultivated areas. In 1410, the burgesses of the local settlement of Holt were granted the right to dig for coal in the wastes of "Harwd" and Coedpoeth; "Harwd", another early name for Brymbo, came from the English name "Harwood" ("Hare Wood") and referred to a common in one part of the township. Sometime in the fifteenth century, landowner Edward ap Morgan ap Madoc, gentleman, built a dwelling in the township that was later to become Brymbo Hall, the home of his descendants the Griffith family.〔Lowe, R. ''Lost Houses in Wrexham'', Landmark Publishing, 2008, p.18〕 A survey of the Lordship of Bromfield and Yale, conducted in 1620 by John Norden and his son, described the boundaries of the township of Brymbo, in the manor of Esclusham, as follows:
While there was mining of coal in the area on a small scale, the late eighteenth century saw an expansion in activity, particularly after the industrialist John "Iron-Mad" Wilkinson purchased Brymbo Hall and began developing its estate, mining coal and ironstone and building an ironworks which was later to become the Brymbo Steelworks. By 1821 there was a total of 41 coal pits on the Brymbo Hall estate alone.〔Dodd, A. H. ''The Industrial Revolution in North Wales'', University of Wales Press, 1971, p.191〕 In the nineteenth century, a number of larger deep mines were sunk around the area, and the majority of the village of Brymbo was developed as accommodation for the miners and ironworkers. The village itself was constructed on and around the steep sides of Brymbo Hill with spectacular views towards the Cheshire Plain, though the area's dramatic topography was later to cause problems when the steelworks expanded in 1956: the new parts had to be built on a vast artificial plateau of slag from the furnaces, filling the width of the valley and burying most of the village of Lodge, whose houses were purchased and demolished.〔(Brymbo Steelworks ), wrexham.gov.uk〕 Although the steelworks continued in production, many of the area's collieries ran into geological and financial problems by the time of the Great Depression, and the area's last deep mine (the Plas Power pit, near Southsea) closed in 1938,〔(Brymbo Heritage Group, Industrial History ), accessed 08-03-09〕 though the Smelt drift mine, west of the village, closed in 1967 (many of the remaining coal deposits were extracted by open-cast mining immediately west of the steelworks during 1972-75). The steelworks itself, after several years of uncertainty, was finally to close in stages between 1990 and 1991, having a severe economic impact on the village. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brymbo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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