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Bucephalidae
Bucephalidae is a family of trematode flatworms that parasitize fish. They lack suckers, having instead a muscular organ called a "rhynchus" at the front end which they use to attach to their hosts. The characteristics of the rhynchus are used to help define the genera of the family.〔Hassanine, R. M. E. (2002). (On three digenean trematodes (Family Bucephalidae) from marine teleost fishes with new record from the Red Sea. ) ''Eygpt. J. Aquat. Biol & Fish.'' 6(3) 1-16.〕 It is one of the largest digenean families, with 25 genera containing hundreds of described species.〔Muñoz, G. and N. J. Bott. (2011). (A new species of ''Prosorhynchoides'' (Trematoda, Bucephalidae) from the intertidal rocky zone of central Chile. ) ''Acta Parasitologica'' 56(2), 140-46.〕 Bucephalids are cosmopolitan, having been recorded all over the world. They are parasites of fish from freshwater, marine, and brackish water habitat types.〔
The name ''Bucephalus'', meaning "ox head", was originally applied to the genus ''Bucephalus'' because of the horn-like appearance of the forked tail (furcae) of its cercaria larva. By what Manter calls a "curious circumstance", horns are also suggested by the long tentacles of adult worms.
These flatworms typically occur in teleost fishes as sexually reproducing adults. In their intermediate hosts, which include mollusks and at least one amphibian, they occur as asexually reproducing stages.
The characteristic feature is an anterior rhyncus or holdfast that is separate from the digestive system. They also differ from other digeneans in the configuration of the digestive systems and genitalia. The intestine is simple and saccular; they have no acetabulum.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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