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Bucephalus
Bucephalus or Bucephalas (; or Βουκεφάλας, from ''bous'', "ox" and ''kephalē'', "head" meaning "ox-head") (c. 355 BC – June 326 BC) was the horse of Alexander the Great, and one of the most famous actual horses of antiquity.〔Aside from mythic Pegasus and the wooden Trojan Horse, or Incitatus, Caligula's favourite horse, proclaimed Roman consul.〕 Ancient accounts〔The primary (actually secondary) accounts are two: Plutarch's ''Life of Alexander'', 6, and Arrian's ''Anabasis Alexandri'' V.19.〕 state that Bucephalus died after the Battle of the Hydaspes in 326 BC, in what is now modern Pakistan, and is buried in Jalalpur Sharif outside of Jhelum, Pakistan. Another account states that Bucephalus is buried in Phalia, a town in Pakistan's Mandi Bahauddin District, which is named after him.
== The taming of Bucephalus ==
A massive creature with a massive head, Bucephalus is described as having a black coat with a large white star on his brow. He is also supposed to have had a "wall eye" (blue eye), and his breeding was that of the "best Thessalian strain." Plutarch tells the story of how, in 344 BC, at twelve or thirteen years of age, Alexander won the horse by making a wager with his father:〔Arthur Hugh Clough (editor), John Dryden (translator), ''Plutarch's 'Lives, vol. II, Modern Library, 2001. ISBN 0-375-75677-9〕 A horse dealer named Philonicus the Thessalian offered Bucephalus to King Philip II for the remarkably high sum of 13 talents, but because no one could tame the animal, Philip was not interested. However, Alexander was, and he offered to pay himself should he fail to tame it.
Alexander was given a chance and surprised all by subduing it. He spoke soothingly to the horse and turned it towards the sun so that it could no longer see its own shadow, which had been the cause of its distress. Dropping his fluttering cloak as well, Alexander successfully tamed the horse. Plutarch says that the incident so impressed Philip that he told the boy, "O my son, look thee out a kingdom equal to and worthy of thyself, for Macedonia is too little for thee."〔 Philip's speech strikes the only false note in the anecdote, according to AR Anderson,〔Anderson 1930:3 and 17ff.〕 who noted his words as the embryo of the legend fully developed in the ''History of Alexander the Great'' I.15, 17.
The ''Alexander Romance'' presents a mythic variant of Bucephalus's origin. In this tale, the colt, whose heroic attributes surpassed even those of Pegasus, is bred and presented to Philip on his own estates. The mythic attributes of the animal are further reinforced in the romance by the Delphic Oracle who tells Philip that the destined king of the world will be the one who rides Bucephalus, a horse with the mark of the ox's head on his haunch.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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