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Bugang is a Daoist ritual dance or walk, based upon the limping ''Yubu'' "Steps of Yu" tradition, in which a Daoist priest paces through a supernatural pattern, such as stars in the Big Dipper or numbers in the Loshu magic square. Texts from the (4th century) Shangqing School "revelations" contain the earliest descriptions of ''bugang'', frequently with the practitioner pacing among constellations, especially the Big Dipper's stars. When religious Daoism began during the Six Dynasties period (220-589 CE), the expression ''bugang tadou'' 步罡踏斗 "pacing the guideline and treading on (the stars of) the Dipper" became popular. ==Terminology== ''Bugang'' "pacing the stars of the Big Dipper" combines two Chinese words, ''bu'' 步 "step; tread; pace (off)" and ''gang'' 罡 "Big Dipper; (esp.) stars in the handle of the Big Dipper", and was first recorded in the (c. 3rd century) ''Records of the Three Kingdoms'' (''Hanyu Da Cidian'' 1990 5:334). The variant ''bugang'' 步綱 "pacing the guideline", which uses a different ''gang'' word 綱 "headrope of a fishing net; key link; guiding principle; guideline", was first recorded in the (c. 1029) ''Yunji Qiqian'' anthology of the ''Daoist Canon'' (''Hanyu Da Cidian'' 5:336). Several later Daoist scriptures on ''bugang'' write it 布剛 with variant Chinese characters, writing ''bu'' 步 "walk" as 布 "distribute; spread; declare", and ''gang'' 罡 "Dipper" or ''gang'' 綱 "guideline" as ''gang'' 剛 "strength; firmness". Andersen (1989:30) says that frequently the notions of "walking the guideline, spreading out the guideline, and distributing strength are subtly blended." The phrase ''bugang tadou'' 步罡踏斗 "pacing the guideline and treading on (the stars of) the Dipper" adds the words ''ta'' 踏 "step on; tread; trample" and ''dou'' 斗 "dipper; Big Dipper". ''Beidou'' 北斗 (lit. "Northern Dipper) is the common Chinese name for the Big Dipper. ''Tiangang'' 天罡 and ''Tiangangxing'' 天罡星 (with ''tian'' 天 "sky; h/Heaven" and ''xing'' 星 "star; heavenly body") both mean "Big Dipper; (esp.) handle of the Big Dipper" – and are the second of the 108 Stars of Destiny in the ''Water Margin''. The Tang dynasty poet Lu Guimeng (d. 881) coined the expression ''bugangtan'' 步罡壇 "pacing the guideline (around the) altar". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bugang」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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