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Bugyō
, often translated as "commissioner" or "magistrate" or "governor," was a title assigned to samurai officials of the Tokugawa government in feudal Japan; other terms would be added to the title to describe more specifically a given commissioner's tasks or jurisdiction.
==Pre-Edo period==
In the Heian period (794–1185), the post or title of ''bugyō'' would be applied only to a set task; once that task was complete, the officer would cease to be called ''bugyō''. However, in the Kamakura period (1185–1333) and later, continuing through the end of the Edo period (1603–1868), posts and title came to be created on a more permanent basis.〔Kinihara, Misako. (''The Establishment of the Tosen-bugyō in the Reign of Ashikaga Yoshinori'' (唐船奉行の成立 : 足利義教による飯尾貞連の登用) ), Tokyo Woman's Christian University. ''Essays and S.tudies''. Abstract.〕 Over time, there came to be 36 ''bugyō'' in the Kamakura bureaucracy.〔Brinkley, Frank ''et al.'' (1915). ( ''A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era,'' p. 436. )〕
In 1434, Ashikaga Yoshinori established the ''Tosen-bugyō'' to regulate foreign affairs.〔
In 1587, a Japanese invading army occupied Seoul; and one of Hideyoshi's first acts was to create a ''bugyō'' for the city, replicating a familiar pattern in an unfamiliar setting.〔Cullin, Louis. (2003). ( ''A History of Japan, 1582–1941,'' p. 27. )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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