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Burantashi
Burantashi (literally "penis get up") is a native Hausa-Fulani powder derived from the bark of the African tree ''Pausinystalia yohimbe''.
Burantashi is used as a food additive to barbecued meat (suya) in Nigeria, especially the Northern parts. The extracts contain the alkaloid yohimbine, an alpha-2 antagonist that has been used widely with variable success in erectile dysfunction, but the whole bark of the tree was not studied until recently. In one recent study, pure Burantashi powder obtained from a local suya vendor in Lagos, Nigeria was extracted aqueously and studied on the renal circulation of Sprague-Dawley rats.〔Ajayi AA, Newaz M, Hercule H, Saleh M, Bode CO, Oyekan AO. Endothelin -like action of Pausinystalia yohimbe aqueous extract on vascular and renal regional hemodynamics in Sprague-Dawley rats. ''Methods. Find. Expt. Clin. Pharmacol''. 2003, 25(10): 817-22.〕 In the ''in vivo'' study, the extract code-named "CCD-X", caused a rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP), and a rise in renal medullary blood flow (MBF). This systemic vasoconstrictor and renal medullary dilator action was attenuated separately by the endothelin -A receptor blocker - BMS-182874, ET-B blocker -BQ788, but blocked by their combination.〔 Further, the nitric oxide inhibitor (NO), L-Nomega - nitro-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) 10 mg/kg totally inhibited the rise in medullary blood flow due to CCD-X. ''In vitro'' studies in isolated perfused kidneys (IPK) and in pressurised microvessels (PMV) confirmed the ''in vivo'' effect to cause vasoconstriction, which was inhibited by endothelin A and B antagonists. The pressor dose response characteristic of CCD-X on PMV was similar to that of endothelin-1 with EC50 close to 100 ng. It was concluded from these studies that, the aqueous extract exhibited a vasoconstrictor effect -possibly alpha-2 mediated like yohimbine. However, it possessed additional effects as an andothelin receptor A and B agonist, and also released nitric oxide. The possibility of a post-receptor cross-talk among ET-B, alpha-2 receptors and NO release was also considered. Thin layer chromatography showed that the bark is rich in sesquiterpenes, and has antifungal and antibiotic properties as well. Whether CCD-X will be useful in sickle cell disease (releasing NO) is unknown. Further basic and clinical research are needed before the effects of Burantashi can be effectively evaluated.
==See also==
* Sani Abacha
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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