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Burnum (; or Burnum Municipium), an archaeological site, was a Roman Legion camp and town. It is located 2.5 km north of Kistanje, in inland Dalmatia, Croatia. The remains include a praetorium, the foundations of several rooms, the amphitheatre and the aqueduct. Burnum is also popularly called Hollow Church ''(Šuplja Crkva)'' and is one of many ruins in the Balkans identified in folklore as Traianus' Town ''(Trojanov Grad)''. Only two of the original five arches have been preserved (at the end of the 18th century Alberto Fortis mentioned three of them). ==History== The Roman writer Plinius wrote about Burnum, as ''"fortress distinguished in wars." - "In hoc tractu sunt Burnum, Andetrium, Tribulium nobilitata proeliis castella."''〔Pliny, ''Historia Naturalis'' 3.141.〕 The Pagana chart from the 16th century presented marked traits of Burnum as the ancient locality, but it did not reach archeological interest until the 19th century, when it occupied the attention of renowned Croatian archaeologists, father Lujo Marun and father Frane Bulić. The first excavations were conducted by Austrian archeologists. It is assumed that Burnum originates from the year 33 BC, but it is more likely that it was established a few decades later.〔J. J. Wilkes, ''Dalmatia'' (London, 1969) p. 87 ff.〕 Several Roman legions were located there in succession, and the first one was legio XX Valeria Victrix, placed already there in the beginning of the Pannonian uprising (''Bellum Batonianum'') AD 6-9.〔Velleius Paterculus, ''Compendium of Roman History'', 2.112.1-2.〕 The reason for its location was the need for the control of traffic around the Krka River. Building was initiated by the Roman governor for Dalmatia Publius Cornelius Dolabella and continued by the Roman Emperor Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus. The camp gained its final shape during the reign of Claudius around 50 AD Legio XI Claudia ''Pia Fidelis'' left the camp some times between AD 42 and 67, probably AD 56-57〔J. J. Wilkes, ''Dalmatia'' (London, 1969) pp. 96-97〕 and was succeeded by Legio IIII Flavia Felix. According to some sources, a rebellion of Lucius Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus against the emperor Claudius AD 42 was started at this camp as well.〔Dio, ''Roman History'' 60.15; Suetonius, ''Life of Claudius'' 37.2〕 After the last Roman legions had left the camp, it developed into a settlement of urban type. The camp was completely destroyed when the emperor Justinian attempted to take it back from the Ostrogoths in the 6th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Burnum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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