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Bycatch, in the fishing industry, is a fish or other marine species that is caught unintentionally while catching certain target species and target sizes of fish, crabs etc. Bycatch is either of a different species, the wrong sex, or is undersized or juvenile individuals of the target species. The term "bycatch" is also sometimes used for untargeted catch in other forms of animal harvesting or collecting. In 1997, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defined bycatch as "total fishing mortality, excluding that accounted directly by the retained catch of target species".〔OECD (1997) Towards sustainable fisheries: economic aspects of the management of living marine resources. OECD Paris.〕 Bycatch contributes to fishery decline and is a mechanism of overfishing for unintentional catch.〔C. Michael Hogan. 2010. (''Overfishing''. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment ). eds. Sidney Draggan and C. Cleveland. Washington DC.〕 The fisherman bycatch issue originated due to the “mortality of dolphins in tuna nets in the 1960s” 〔Hall, M. A., Alverson, D. L., & Metuzals, K. I. (2000). By-catch: problems and solutions. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 41(1), 210.〕 There are at least four different ways the word "bycatch" is used in fisheries: * Catch which is retained and sold but which is not the target species for the fishery * Species/sizes/sexes of fish which fishermen discard〔A definition used particularly in the Northeast and Western Pacific and in American legislation〕 * Non-target fish, whether retained and sold or discarded * Unwanted invertebrate species, such as echinoderms and non-commercial crustaceans, and various vulnerable species groups, including seabirds, sea turtles, marine mammals and elasmobranchs (sharks and their relatives). == Examples == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bycatch」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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