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Bezant
Bezant is a medieval term for a gold coin. Medievally originally it meant the gold coins produced by the government of the Byzantine Empire. The word was derived from the Greek Byzantium. Later in the medieval era among the Latins the scope of the word was expanded to gold coins produced by Arabic governments.
==Medieval history==
Gold coins were rarely minted in early medieval Western Europe, up until the later 13th century. (Silver and bronze were the metals of choice for money in medieval Western Europe). Gold coins were almost continually produced by the Byzantines and medieval Arabs. These circulated in Western European trade in smallish numbers, originating from the coinage mints of the Eastern Mediterranean. In Western Europe, the gold coins of Byzantine currency were highly prized. These gold coins were commonly called bezants. The first "bezants" were the Byzantine ''solidi'' coins, minted at a constant weight and purity since the time of Constantine I (died 337) until the mid-11th century. Later the name was applied to the ''hyperpyra'', which replaced the ''solidi'' in Constantinople in the late 11th century. The name ''hyperpyron'' was used by the late medieval Greeks, while the name bezant was used by the late medieval Latin merchants for the same coin. The Italians also used the name ''perpero'' or ''pipero'' for the same coin (an abridgement of the name ''hyperpyron'').
Medievally from the 12th century onward (if not earlier), the Western European term bezant also meant the gold dinar coins minted by Islamic governments. The Islamic coins were originally modelled on the Byzantine ''solidus'' during the early years after the onset of Islam. The term bezant was used in the late medieval Republic of Venice to refer to the Egyptian gold dinar. Marco Polo used the term bezant in the account of his travels to East Asia when describing the currencies of the Yuan Empire around the year 1300.〔Yule, Henry; Cordier, Henri. ''The Travels of Marco Polo: The Complete Yule-Cordier Edition''. Third edition (1903), revised and updated by Henri Cordier. Plain Label Books. p. 1226-27. (ISBN 1-60303-615-6)〕 His descriptions were based on the conversion of 1 bezant = 20 groats = 133⅓ tornesel.〔 An Italian merchant's handbook dated about 1340, ''Pratica della mercatura'' by Pegolotti, used the term ''bisant'' for coins of North Africa (including Tunis and Tripoli), Cyprus, Armenia and Tabriz (in today's northwestern Iran), whereas it used the term ''perpero | pipero'' for the Byzantine bizant.〔''La Pratica della Mercatura'', by Francesco Balducci Pegolotti, dated 1343, full text online in Italian at (MedievalAcademy.org ).〕
Gold coinage began to be re-introduced to Western Europe in 1252 when the city of Florence began minting gold coins known as florins.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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