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The Bürgenstock is a famous mountain in Switzerland (1,127.8 m above sea level) located on the eponymous Bürgenberg, in the middle of Lake Lucerne. Bürgenstock is also a famous resort located at 874 m a.s.l. on the same mountain. The lookout point at the summit of the Bürgenstock offers an extraordinarily beautiful and famous view, for the mountain is almost entirely surrounded by Lake Lucerne. The mountain and the resort Bürgenstock are among the most visited tourist destinations in Switzerland. The small resort "Bürgenstock" can be reached by a mountain road as well as with the Bürgenstock Funicular which starts from the boat landing pier at Kehrsiten-Bürgenstock on Lake Lucerne. The summit of the Bürgenstock can be reached from the village by means of a cliff-side path followed by the famous Hammetschwand Elevator. In the glamorous world of cinema and culture of the 20th century, the Bürgenstock Resort achieved worldwide fame as a retreat and holiday place for well-known actors, producers and artists. Among others reasons, the village of Bürgenstock became famous in the media because Audrey Hepburn married Mel Ferrer at the Bürgenstock Chapel in 1954. Sophia Loren, her husband Carlo Ponti and also Audrey Hepburn housed in private villas on the Bürgenstock. Famous artists who spent their holidays on the Bürgenstock include Charlie Chaplin, Sergej Rachmaninow, Georges Simenon, Shirley MacLaine, and Yul Brynner. A number of politicians, like Konrad Adenauer, Jimmy Carter, Henry Kissinger, Kofi Annan and Golda Meir, as well as prominent personalities from the business world, came in search of rest and leisure on the Bürgenstock. The new Bürgenstock Resort featuring 30 buildings, including three hotels with around 400 rooms (800 beds), 68 Residence Suites and 12 restaurants and bars is under construction. Of the total investment of CHF 485 million, CHF 320 million has already been expended. It reopens 2017. == Description == When looked at from Lucerne, the Bürgenstock has the typical mountain shape of a "stock".〔:de:Stock (Geologie) Wikipedia German: "Stock"〕 Especially in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, the term "stock" is used for a number of mountains whose shape of summits is clearly set off from the bulk.〔:de:Massiv Wikipedia German: "Massiv"〕 Beside the Bürgenstock there are also other Swiss mountains that carry the distinction of "stock" (stick) in their names to describe their shape, such as the Oberalpstock, the Hausstock and the Mürtschenstock (Canton Glarus), the Fronalpstock, the Uri Rotstock, the Dammastock (Canton Uri) and the Mattstock (Canton St. Gallen). Like its existing namesakes, the term ''Bürgenstock'', composed of the descriptive words "Bürgen" and "Stock", has evolved since the mid-19th century into the geographical name for the very distinctive mountain on the "Bürgen" peninsula as seen from Lucerne. From the early Middle Ages on, the mountain on this peninsula was called ''Bürgenberg''; an arbitral settlement from the year 1378, putting an end to over 38 years of dispute between the estates Lucerne and Nidwalden about the affiliation of the region extending from Kehrsiten to Mattgrat, uses the name ''Bürgenberg'' in its records. All old maps and frontier records of the Corporation of Lucerne which mention the – in those times – disputed forest call it the ''Stadtwald am Bürgenberg'' (forest on the Bürgenberg) or ''Bürgenbergwald'' (Bürgenstock mountain forest).〔Odermatt, Frey-Fürst: ''Das Buch vom Bürgenstock'', 1948, S. 113〕 On the ''Dufourkarte'' (Dufour Map), the topographic map of Switzerland from 1845 to 1865,〔:de:Topographische Karte der Schweiz Topographic map of Switzerland〕 the mountain ridge as a whole had no name. The highest crest was referred to as ''Hametschwand'' (sic), ''Bürgenberg'' was the term inscribed for the slope to the mountain crest on the far Southwest The geographical name ''Bürgenstock'' was first documented in the year 1836 by Aloys Businger in his book “Der Kanton Unterwalden”. Businger calls the entire ''Bürgen'' peninsula the ''Bürgenberg''; however, he refers to the highest elevation both as ''Hammetschwand'' and ''Bürgenstock''.〔Aloys Businger: ''Der Kanton Unterwalden'', 1836, S. 29 und S. 154〕〔Odermatt, Frey-Fürst: ''Das Buch vom Bürgenstock'', 1948, S. 115〕 In addition, in the year 1850, the Director of the Lucerne Teacher's Training College Niklaus Rietschi published a private map, in which the terms ''Bürgenstock'' together with the term ''Hammetschwand'' are recorded for the summit.〔Odermatt, Frey-Fürst: ''Das Buch vom Bürgenstock'', 1948, S. 115〕 In 1872, the company Bucher & Durrer laid the foundation for the hotel complex on the Alp Tritt. For this purpose, it chose the already existing geographical name of ''Bürgenstock'', also documented in 1836 by Aloys Businger in his book “Der Kanton Unterwalden”.〔Aloys Businger: ''Der Kanton Unterwalden'', 1836, S. 29 und S. 154〕 The first official map to use the geographical name ''Bürgenstock'' was the so-called “Siegfriedkarte” Siegfried Map, whose publication, started by the Federal Topographic Bureau under Hermann Siegfried,〔:de:Hermann Siegfried Wikipedia German: "Hermann Siegfried"〕 continued from 1870 until 1922. The name ''Bürgenstock'' appears on sheet 377 of the Siegfried Map and dates back to 1896.〔() Siegfriedkarte: Blatt 377, 1896, in der Kartensammlung des Schweizerischen Bundesamtes für Landestopografie, besucht am 09. Dezember 2012〕 Around 1900, the designation ''Bürgenstock'' established itself as a general colloquial term for the entire mountain ridge, from Stansstad in the West to "Untere Nase" in the East. A corresponding entry in the "Geographischen Lexikon der Schweiz" (Geographical Dictionary of Switzerland) can be found in 1910.〔(Bürgenstock ) in: Geographisches Lexikon der SCHWEIZ, 1902-1910〕 In the Swiss maps of our days, the name ''Bürgenstock'' designates the mountain ridge – with the term ''Hammetschwand'' as alternative – as well as the location of the hotel and residential complex. ''Bürgenstock'' as a geographical name can be found twice in the official Swiss index of cities and towns.〔(''Ortschaftenverzeichnis der Schweiz'' ) S. 79 und 80, heruntergeladen am 5. Februar 2010〕 The locality ''Bürgenstock'' is listed in the postal code listing of Switzerland under the postal code 6363.〔(PLZ-Verzeichnis der Schweiz und des Fürstentums Liechtenstein )〕 Today, the residential streets of the valley communities Stansstad and Ennetbürgen, connecting the entire mountain ridge, carry the name ''Bürgenstockstrasse''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bürgenstock」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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