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The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG; the Vienna Convention)〔United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, Vienna, 11 April 1980, S.Treaty Document Number 98-9 (1984), UN Document Number A/CONF 97/19, 1489 UNTS 3. The full text of the CISG is available in pdf format at http://www.uncitral.org/uncitral/en/uncitral_texts/sale_goods/1980CISG.html at 22 December 2007.〕 is a treaty that is a uniform international sales law. As of September 2014, it has been ratified by 83 countries that account for a significant proportion of world trade, making it one of the most successful international uniform laws. Guyana was the most recent state to ratify the Convention, having acceded to it on 25 September 2014. The CISG was developed by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), and was signed in Vienna in 1980. The CISG is sometimes referred to as the Vienna Convention (but is not to be confused with other treaties signed in Vienna). It came into force as a multilateral treaty on 1 January 1988, after being ratified by 11 countries.〔Argentina, China, Egypt, France, Hungary, Italy, Lesotho, Syria, the United States, Yugoslavia, and Zambia.〕 The CISG allows exporters to avoid choice of law issues, as the CISG offers "accepted substantive rules on which contracting parties, courts, and arbitrators may rely".〔United States Department of Commerce, ‘The U.N. Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods’ http://www.osec.doc.gov/ogc/occic/cisg.htm at 22 December 2007.〕 Unless excluded by the express terms of a contract,〔Standard clauses in English and in German (opt-in/opt-out): See Verweyen, Foerster, Toufar (''Handbuch des Internationalen Warenkaufs UN-Kaufrecht (CISG)'' ) 2. Auflage, 2008 pg. 64 and 〕 the CISG is deemed to be incorporated into (and supplant) any otherwise applicable domestic law(s) with respect to a transaction in goods between parties from different Contracting States.〔This statement is only applicable for the USA, The Czech Republic, and China, ''See'' Article 1,1B/95 Verweyen, Foerster, Toufar (''Handbuch des Internationalen Warenkaufs UN-Kaufrecht (CISG)'' ) 2. Auflage, 2008 pt. 21.2 pg 248 〕 The CISG has been regarded as a success for the UNCITRAL, as the Convention has been accepted by states from "every geographical region, every stage of economic development and every major legal, social and economic system".〔John Felemegas, ‘The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods: Article 7 and Uniform Interpretation (2000)’ (''Pace Review of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)'' ) 115.〕 Countries that have ratified the CISG are referred to within the treaty as “Contracting States”. Of the uniform law conventions, the CISG has been described as having "the greatest influence on the law of worldwide trans-border commerce".〔Peter Schlechtriem, ‘Requirements of Application and Sphere of Applicability of the CISG’ (2005) 36 ''Victoria University of Wellington Law Review'' 781.〕 It has been described as a great legislative achievement,〔Joseph Lookofsky, ‘Loose Ends and Contorts in International Sales: Problems in the Harmonization of Private Law Rules’ (1991) 39 ''American Journal of Comparative Law'' 403.〕 and the "most successful international document so far" in unified international sales law,〔Bruno Zeller, ''CISG and the Unification of International Trade Law'' (1st ed, 2007) 94.〕 in part due to its flexibility in allowing Contracting States the option of taking exception to certain specified articles. This flexibility was instrumental in convincing states with disparate legal traditions to subscribe to an otherwise uniform code. A number of countries that have signed the CISG have lodged declarations,〔''See'' list of signatories and their declarations at http://www.uncitral.org/uncitral/en/uncitral_texts/sale_goods/1980CISG_status.html at 22 December 2007.〕 though the vast majority64 out of the current 83 Contracting Stateshave chosen to accede to the Convention without any declaration. The CISG is the basis of the annual Willem C. Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot held in Vienna in the week before Easter (and now also in Hong Kong). Teams from law schools around the world take part. The Moot is organised by Pace University, which keeps a definitive source of information on the CISG. ==Adoption== As of November 2015, the following states have ratified, acceded to, approved, accepted, or succeeded to the Convention:〔The status of signatories to the Convention is listed at http://www.uncitral.org/uncitral/en/uncitral_texts/sale_goods/1980CISG_status.html, and is updated whenever the UNCITRAL Secretariat is informed of changes in status of the Convention.〕 The Convention has been signed, but not yet ratified, acceded to, approved, accepted, or succeeded to, by Ghana and Venezuela. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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