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Cytochrome b-245 heavy chain also known as cytochrome b(558) subunit beta or NADPH oxidase 2 or Nox2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYBB gene.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1536 )〕 The protein is a super-oxide generating enzyme which forms reactive oxygen species (ROS). == Function == Nox2, or Cytochrome b (-245) is composed of cytochrome b alpha (CYBA) and beta (CYBB) chain. It has been proposed as a primary component of the microbicidal oxidase system of phagocytes.〔 Also, many of the functions for Nox2 are linked through the many functions of NADPH oxidase since Nox2 is one of the several isoforms of the gp91phox catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0054869 )〕 There has been recent evidence that shows that it plays an important role in atherosclerotic lesion development in the aortic arch, thoracic, and abdominal aorta.〔 It has also been shown to play a part in determining the size of a myocardial infarction due to its connection to ROS which play a role in myocardial reperfusion injury. This was a result of the relation between Nox2 and the signalling towards neutrophil invasion. Also, it increases golbal post-reperfusion oxidative stress probably due to decreased STAT3 and Erk phosphorylation.〔 As well, it appears that hippocampal oxidative stress is increase in septic animals due to the actions of Nox2. This connection also came about through the actions of the chemically active ROS which work as one of the main components that help in the development of neuroinflammation associated with Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Lastly, due to recent experiments, it seems that Nox2 also plays an important role in angiotensin II-mediated inward remodelling in cerebral arterioles due to the emittance of superoxides from Nox2-containing NADPH oxidases. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「CYBB」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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