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CYP2C19
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (abbreviated CYP2C19) is an enzyme. This protein, a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, including many proton pump inhibitors and antiepileptics. In humans, the CYP2C19 protein is encoded by the ''CYP2C19'' gene. CYP2C19 is a liver enzyme that acts on 10-15% of drugs in current clinical use,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://genelex.com/pharmacogenetic-tests/cyp2c19/ )〕 including the antiplatelet clopidogrel (Plavix), drugs that treat pain associated with ulcers, such as omeprazole, antiseizure drugs such as mephenytoin, the antimalarial proguanil, and the anxiolytic diazepam.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/articles/features/cyp2c19/index.html )〕
CYP2C19 has been annotated as (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase and (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase in UniProt.
== Function ==
The gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. These proteins are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and is known to metabolize many drugs. Polymorphism within this gene is associated with variable ability to metabolize mephenytoin, known as the poor metabolizer and extensive metabolizer phenotypes. The gene is located within a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome no.10 arm q24.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1557 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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