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}} Sir Michael Caine, (; born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite; 14 March 1933), is an English actor and author. Renowned for his distinctive working class cockney accent, Caine has appeared in over 115 films and is regarded as a British film icon.〔 He made his breakthrough in the 1960s with starring roles in a number of acclaimed British films, including ''Zulu'' (1964), ''The Ipcress File'' (1965), ''Alfie'' (1966), for which he was nominated for an Academy Award, ''The Italian Job'' (1969), and ''Battle of Britain'' (1969). His most notable roles in the 1970s included ''Get Carter'' (1971), ''The Last Valley'', ''Sleuth'' (1972), for which he earned his second Academy Award nomination, ''The Man Who Would Be King'' (1975), and ''A Bridge Too Far'' (1977). He achieved some of his greatest critical success in the 1980s, with ''Educating Rita'' (1983) earning him the BAFTA and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor. In 1986, he received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Woody Allen's ''Hannah and Her Sisters''. Caine played Ebenezer Scrooge in ''The Muppet Christmas Carol'' (1992). Having by that time practically retired from acting on the big screen, he enjoyed a career resurgence in the late 1990s, receiving his second Golden Globe Award for his performance in ''Little Voice'' in 1998 and receiving his second Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for ''The Cider House Rules'' the following year. Caine played Nigel Powers in the 2002 parody ''Austin Powers in Goldmember'', and Alfred Pennyworth in Christopher Nolan's ''Batman'' film series. He appeared in several other of Nolan's films including ''The Prestige'' (2006), ''Inception'' (2010), and ''Interstellar'' (2014). He also appeared as a supporting character in Alfonso Cuarón's ''Children of Men'' and Pixar's 2011 film ''Cars 2''. Caine is one of only two actors nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to 2000s (the other one being Jack Nicholson; Laurence Olivier was also nominated for an acting Academy Award in five different decades, beginning in 1939 and ending in 1978). In 2000, Caine was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in recognition of his contribution to cinema. ==Early life== Caine was born in St Olave's Hospital, Rotherhithe, Surrey,〔Rotherhithe did not become part of the London Borough of Southwark until its creation in 1965. In 1933 it was part of the Metropolitan Borough of Bermondsey (abolished 1965)〕〔Michael Caine, ''My Autobiography: The Elephant to Hollywood'' (Hodder & Stoughton, 2011), p. 16.〕 the son of Maurice Joseph Micklewhite (1899-1957), a fish market porter, and Ellen Frances Marie (née Burchell; 1900–1989), a cook and charwoman.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Michael Caine Biography (1933– ) )〕 His father had Irish, and, reportedly, gypsy ancestry,〔. Bravo〕 and was a Catholic. He was brought up in his mother's Protestant religion. Caine had a maternal half-brother, David William Burchell (11 July 1925–March 1992) and a full brother, Stanley Micklewhite (1936–2013). Caine grew up in Southwark, Surrey, and during the Second World War, he was evacuated to North Runcton near King's Lynn in Norfolk.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Michaorfolk childhood )〕 After the war, his father was demobilised, and the family were rehoused by the council in Marshall Gardens at the Elephant and Castle in a pre-fabricated house made in Canada,〔Michael Caine, ''My Autobiography: The Elephant to Hollywood'' (Hodder & Stoughton, 2011), p. 28.〕 as much of London's housing stock had been damaged during the Blitz in 1940–41. The prefabs, as they were known, were intended to be temporary homes while London was reconstructed, but we ended up living there for eighteen years and for us, after a cramped flat with an outside toilet, it was luxury.〔Michael Caine, ''My Autobiography: The Elephant to Hollywood'' (Hodder & Stoughton, 2011), p. 29.〕 In 1944, he passed his eleven plus exam, winning a scholarship to Hackney Downs Grocers' School.〔For an account of his evacuation and early school years, as sent to Jerry Pam—another Hackney Downs pupil whom he met in the 1950s, who was 6 years his senior, and who has become his publicist for "over 50 years"—see "MC" (Caine ), "A Message from Evacuee Maurice Micklewhite", ''The Clove's Lines: The Newsletter of The Clove Club: The Old Boys of Hackney Downs School'' 3.2 (March 2009): 16.〕 After a year there he moved to Wilson's Grammar School in Camberwell (now Wilson's School in Wallington, South London), which he left at sixteen after gaining a School Certificate in six subjects. He then worked briefly as a filing clerk and messenger for a film company in Victoria Street and film producer Jay Lewis in Wardour Street. From 28 April 1952, when he was called up to do his national service until 1954, he served in the British Army's Royal Fusiliers, first at the BAOR HQ in Iserlohn, Germany and then on active service during the Korean War. He had gone into Korea feeling sympathetic to communism, coming as he did from a poor family, but the experience left him permanently repelled.〔''Mao: The Unknown Story'' by Jung Chang and Jon Halliday, pub 2005, p446, ch35〕 He experienced a situation where he knew he was going to die, the memory of which stayed with him and formed his character; he later said, "The rest of my life I have lived every bloody moment from the moment I wake up until the time I go to sleep."〔(SIR MICHAEL CAINE: “I DON’T GET THE GIRL, I GET THE PART” ); The Talks〕 Caine would like to see the return of national service to help combat youth violence, stating: "I'm just saying, put them in the Army for six months. You're there to learn how to defend your country. You belong to the country. Then when you come out, you have a sense of belonging rather than a sense of violence".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Shropshire News – Midlands News – Breaking News UK )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Michael Caine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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