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Calenberg
The Calenberg is a hill in central Germany in the Leine depression near Pattensen in the municipality of Schulenburg. It lies 13 km west of the city of Hildesheim in south Lower Saxony on the edge of the Central Uplands. It is made from a chalk marl slab (''Kalkmergelbank''), has a height of and was formed almost 100 million years ago at the beginning of the Upper Cretaceous series in Cenomanian stage. The Calenberg became historically important as a result of the fort, stronghold and castle built as the main residence of the House of Hanover. The hill has given its name to numerous other entities (see Calenberg (disambiguation)).
== Etymology ==
The syllables ''Kal'', ''Kalen-'', ''Calen-'' in the word ''Calenberg'' are derived from the word ''kal'' in the Middle High German and Middle Low German languages and mean ''kahl'' i.e. "bare", "stripped", "unwooded".〔(Kahl ) in: Deutsches Wörterbuch by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm. Vol. 11, Columns 27-30: ″Besonders auch von öden felsen, von bergen die den wald verloren: kahles berghaupt, kahler berggipfel, kahle felswand, vgl. die häufigen berg- und ortsnamen Kahlenberg, Calenberg, Callenberg, Kahlenstein, auch Kahlefeld…″〕 Name formations using ''Kal'', ''Kalen'' or ''Calen'' could refer to its geological base (''rock, stone''). The syllable ''-berg'' goes back to the Old High German word ''berg'', to the Middle High German ''berc(g)'', to the Middle Low German ''berch'' and the colloquial word ''barch''. It can mean "mountain", "hill" or "knoll". So the word ''Calenberg'' means something like ''kahler Berg'' or "bare hill".
The syllable ''Klei'' in the word ''Klei-Kamp'' comes from the word ''klei'' in Old High German and Middle Low German and to the dialectic word ''klaibodden'' and means: ''heavy loam soil, heavy soil, thick clay.'' The syllable ''-Kamp'' goes back to the Old High German word ''champf '' as well as the Middle Low German and dialectic word ''kamp'' and means an "enclosed piece of land". From the middle of the 17th century onwards it was also used for large plots of private land even if they were unenclosed.
The syllable ''Kälber'' in the word ''Kälber-Kamp'' comes from the word ''kalver'' in Middle Low German and the colloquial word ''kälwer'' and means "calves". Fields known as ''Kälber'' were used to graze calves.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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