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Caliciviridae is a family of viruses, members of Class IV of the Baltimore scheme. They are positive-sense, single stranded RNA which is non-segmented. There are currently seven species in this family, divided among 5 genera. Diseases associated with this family include: feline calicivirus: respiratory disease; rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus: often-fatal hemorrhages; norwalk group of viruses: gastroenteritis.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/32.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release )〕 Caliciviruses naturally infect vertebrates, and have been found in a number of organisms such as humans, cattle, pigs, cats, chickens, reptiles, dolphins and amphibians. The caliciviruses have a simple construction and are not enveloped. The capsid appears hexagonal/spherical and has icosahedral symmetry ((T=1 ) or (T=3 )〔) with a diameter of 35–39 nm. Caliciviruses are not very well studied because until recently they could not be grown in culture, and there is no suitable animal model. However, the recent application of modern genomic technologies has led to an increased understanding of the virus family.〔 A recent isolate from rhesus monkeys—Tulane virus—can be grown in culture and this system promises to increase our understanding of these viruses.〔Yu G, Zhang D, Guo F, Tan M, Jiang X, Jiang W (2013) Cryo-EM structure of a novel calicivirus, Tulane Virus. PLoS One 8(3):e59817. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059817〕 The name calicivirus is derived from the Greek word ''calyx'' meaning cup or goblet. This name is appropriate as many strains have visible cup-shaped depressions. ==Taxonomy== The ''Caliciviridae'' family includes the following genera: *Genus ''Lagovirus''; type species: ''Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus'' *Genus ''Nebovirus''; type species: ''Newbury-1 virus'' *Genus ''Norovirus''; type species: ''Norwalk virus'' *Genus ''Sapovirus''; type species: ''Sapporo virus'' *Genus ''Vesivirus''; type species: ''Vesicular exanthema of swine virus'' Group: ssRNA(+) }}〔 Two additional genera have been proposed: ''Recovirus'' for a novel calicivirus detected in stool specimens from rhesus monkeys〔Farkas T, Sestak K, Wei C, Jiang X (2008) Characterization of a rhesus monkey calicivirus representing a new genus of Caliciviridae. J Virol 82: 5408–5416. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00070-08〕 and ''Valovirus''—for a novel group of swine caliciviruses known as the St-Valérien-like viruses. These genera have yet to be officially approved. There are a number of other unclassified caliciviruses including the chicken calicivirus. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Caliciviridae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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