|
''Callithrix'' is a genus of New World monkeys of the family Callitrichidae, the family containing marmosets and tamarins. The genus contains the Atlantic Forest marmosets. The genera ''Mico'' and ''Callibella'' were formerly considered a subgenus of the genus ''Callithrix''.〔 ''Callithrix'' differs from ''Mico'' in dental morphology and in geographic distribution — ''Callithrix'' species are distributed near the Atlantic coast of South America, while ''Mico'' species are distributed further inland.〔 ''Callithrix'' differs from ''Callibella'' in these features, as well as in size, with ''Callithrix'' species being significantly larger.〔 ''Callithrix'' species differ from the tamarins of the genus ''Saguinus'' in that ''Callithrix'' has enlarged mandibular incisor teeth the same size as the canine teeth which are used for gouging holes in trees to extract exudates. Species included in the genus ''Callithrix'' include: * Common marmoset, ''Callithrix jacchus'' * Black-tufted marmoset, ''Callithrix penicillata'' * Wied's marmoset, ''Callithrix kuhlii'' * White-headed marmoset, ''Callithrix geoffroyi'' * Buffy-headed marmoset, ''Callithrix flaviceps'' * Buffy-tufted marmoset, ''Callithrix aurita'' Some authorities, including Rosenberger (1981), believe that the pygmy marmoset, genus ''Cebuella'', should be included within ''Callithrix'' on the basis of genetic studies, although ''Cebuella'' is significantly smaller than ''Callithrix''.〔 In general, ''Callithrix'' and ''Mico'' species tend to form larger groups and live within smaller home ranges, and thus live in higher population densities, than other Callitrichids. But these statistics can vary dramatically among various ''Callithrix'' species. ''C. jacchus'' and ''C. pencillata'' typically have home territories of less than 10 hectares, while other ''Callithrix'' species tend to have larger home territories.〔 Exudates, such as gum and sap, fruit, nectar and fungus make up the bulk of ''Callthrix'' species' diet, but it also eats animal prey such as arthropods, young birds, small lizards and frogs. They are specialized for exploiting exudates by their elongated, chisel-like lower incisors and a wide jaw gape that allows them to gouge bark of trees that produce gums. Their intestines also have an enlarged, complex cecum that allows them to digest gums more efficiently than most other animals. ''Callithrix ability to feed on exudates allows it to survive in areas where fruit is highly seasonal or not readily available. Some species, such as ''C. jacchus'' and ''C. pencillata'' have been known to inhabit city parks, backyards and coconut plantations.〔 ''Callithrix'' females generally gives birth to two or more infants at a time. They can ovulate and conceive within two to four weeks after giving birth, and ovulation is not inhibited by lactation. Polygyny is known to occur in several ''Callithrix'' species. Infanticide is also known to occur, at least within ''C. jacchus'' in which the dominant female kills the offspring of a subordinate female. Females generally reach sexual maturity between 12 to 17 months, and males between 15 and 25 months.〔 The name ''Callithrix'' is derived from the Greek words ''kallos'', meaning beautiful, and ''thrix'', meaning hair. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Callithrix」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|