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The Caloyers (from the Greek ''kalos ghérôn'', "good old men"), also spelled Calogers or Calogeri, were Greek monks who followed the rule of Saint Basil of Caesarea. Both male and female, they inhabited Mount Athos (only men), and disseminated throughout many of the churches of the East. They lived either in monasteries, as at Mount Athos and Meteora or insulated in hermitages, devoted to agriculture and prayer. There was never any reform among them; they retained their original institution and former habits, with minute exactness. Tavernier observed that they lived an isolated, austere life, eating no meat, and maintained four lents, besides numerous other fasts, with great strictness: they ate no food till they had earned it by the labor of their hands. During their lents, some did not eat more than once in three days, others only twice in seven. They were divided into three ranks or degrees: the novices, called ''Archari''; the moderately accomplished, called ''Microschemi'' (Μικρόσχημοι); and the perfect, called ''Megaloschemi'' (μεγαλόσχημοι). This last rank was divided into the following: ''Coenobites'', who spent the day reciting their offices, from midnight to sunset; ''Anchorites'', who left the community to live alone, only going outside on Sundays and holidays to perform devotions at monasteries; and ''Recluses'', who lived alone in grottos and caverns, on the mountains, and survived on alms furnished to them by the monasteries. ==See also== * Hesychasm * Eastern Orthodox Monks 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Caloyers」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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