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A cameo role or cameo appearance (; often shortened to just cameo) is a brief appearance or voice part of a known person in a work of the performing arts, typically unnamed or appearing as themselves. These roles are generally small, many of them non-speaking ones, and are commonly either appearances in a work in which they hold some special significance (such as actors from an original movie appearing in its remake), or renowned people making uncredited appearances. Short appearances by celebrities, film directors, politicians, athletes or musicians are common. A crew member of the show or movie playing a minor role can be referred to as a cameo as well, such as Alfred Hitchcock's frequently performed cameos. ==History, uses and examples== Originally "cameo role" meant "a small character part that stands out from the other minor parts". The Oxford English Dictionary connects this with the meaning "a short literary sketch or portrait", which is based on the literal meaning of "cameo".〔Oxford English Dictionary, "cameo".〕 More recently, "cameo" has come to refer to any short appearances, whether as a character or as oneself, such as the examples below. Cameos are generally not credited because of their brevity, or a perceived mismatch between the celebrity's stature and the film or TV show in which he or she is appearing. Many are publicity stunts. Others are acknowledgments of an actor's contribution to an earlier work, as in the case of many film adaptations of TV series, or of remakes of earlier films. Others honour artists or celebrities known for work in a particular field. An example of a cameo appearance in Disney movies are the 2010 film ''Tangled'' and the 2013 film ''Frozen'' where Rapunzel and Eugene are among the guests coming to the palace for Elsa's coronation. A cameo can establish a character as being important without having much screen time. Examples of such cameos are Peter Capaldi in the 50th Anniversary episode of ''Doctor Who'', Ted Danson in ''Saving Private Ryan'', Hugh Jackman in ''X-Men: First Class'', Geoffrey Rush in ''Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest'', Anthony Hopkins in ''Mission: Impossible II'', George Clooney in ''The Thin Red Line'', Sigourney Weaver in ''The Cabin in the Woods'', and Michael Bay in ''Bad Boys II''. Jason Robards' uncredited appearance at the opening of ''Enemy of the State'' was brief but a key element of the plot. Possibly the best-known series of cameos was by the director Alfred Hitchcock, who made very brief appearances in most of his films. Cameos also occur in novels and other literary works. “Literary cameos” usually involve an established character from another work who makes a brief appearance to establish a shared universe setting, to make a point, or to offer homage. Balzac often employed this practice, as in his ''Comédie humaine''. Sometimes a cameo features a historical person who "drops in" on fictional characters in a historical novel, as when Benjamin Franklin shares a beer with Phillipe Charboneau in ''The Bastard'' by John Jakes. A cameo appearance can be made by the author of a work to put a sort of personal "signature" on a story. Clive Cussler made appearances in his own thriller novels as a "rough old man" who advised action hero Dirk Pitt. Vladimir Nabokov often put himself in his novels; for instance, the very minor character Vivian Darkbloom (an anagram of the author's name) in ''Lolita''. An example in comics is John Byrne's ''Iron Fist'' #8, which features appearances by Byrne himself, Howard the Duck (on a poster), Peter Parker and Mary Jane Watson, Sam McCloud, Fu Manchu, and Wolverine. Early appearances are often mistakenly considered as cameos. Sylvester Stallone appears in Woody Allen's ''Bananas'' credited only as "Subway Thug #1," five years before his breakout role in 1976's ''Rocky''. Other examples would be Elijah Wood in ''Back to the Future Part II'' and Samuel L. Jackson in ''The Exorcist III''. These are early appearances of non-established actors. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cameo appearance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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