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Campaniacum is the etymon inferred from numerous toponyms in France. The ''Toponymie générale de la France'' (''TGF'') derives it from a Roman personal name ''Campanius'' and the Gaulish suffix ''-acum''.〔Ernest Nègre, ''Toponymie générale de la France'' (''TGF''), Librairie Droz, 1990.〕 The ''-i-'' (which is important in the phonetic evolution of *''Campaniacum'') suggests that ''Campanius'' is a ''gens'' name.〔Ernest Nègre〕 The modern forms differ according to the diverse phonetic evolutions of the local dialects. *Campagnac (TGF § 7029) *Campénéac (Morbihan) (TGF § 7535) *Campigny (TGF § 8819) *Champagnac (TGF § 7061 and § 7438) *Champagnat (TGF § 7612 and § 8480) *Champagné (TGF § 8133) *Champagneux (TGF § 8537) *Champagney (TGF § 7873) *Champagny (TGF § 8868) *Champigny (TGF § 8868) The initial /ka/ of '' *Campaniacum'' became /ʃa/ (written ''Cha'') in most of Gaul, both in langue d'oïl dialects and the northern langue d'oc dialects; but north of the Joret line, and most Langue d'oc dialects (southern one) /ka/ (written ''Ca-'') was preserved. The form Champigny is purely French (f. e. : Champigny-sur-Marne is in the Val-de-Marne), because of its () between () and (). Gaston Zink offered an explanation for the sequence /ign/ in place of the expected /agn/: before the palatal consonant /ɲ/, the /a/ shifted to /e/, which in turn closed to /i/; Zink points out the parallel form ''(fungum) campaniolum'' ('mushroom') which became ''champegneul'' in Old French and ''champignon'' (with substitution of suffix) in modern French.〔Gaston Zink, ''Phonétique historique du français'' (''French Phonetic History''), 1986, page 184.〕 ==See also== * Champignac * Pourceaugnac 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Campaniacum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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