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''Campylognathoides'' ("curved jaw", Strand 1928) is a genus of pterosaur, discovered in the Württemberg Lias deposits (dated to the early Toarcian age〔Barrett, P. M., Butler, R. J., Edwards, N. P., & Milner, A. R. (2008). "Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas". ''Zitteliana'', 61-107. ()〕) of Germany; this first specimen consisted however only of wing fragments. Further better preserved specimens were found in the Holzmaden shale: basing on these specimens Felix Plieninger erected a new genus.〔 ==Discovery== In 1858 Friedrich August Quenstedt named a new species of ''Pterodactylus'': ''P. liasicus''. It was based on a fossil, holotype GPIT 9533, consisting of some wing bones, found on the Wittberg near Metzingen in layers dating from the early Toarcian, about 180 million years old. The specific name referred to the Lias. Quenstedt thought he had identified long metacarpals in the wing, concluding that the new species was therefore not belonging to more basal genera, like the long-tailed ''Rhamphorhynchus''.〔Quenstedt, F. A. (1858). "Ueber ''Pterodactylus liasicus''", ''Jahrbuch des Vereins vaterländischer Naturkundler in Württemberg'', 14:299-336〕 In 1893 commercial fossil collector Bernhard Hauff sr. discovered a skeleton of a large pterosaur near Holzmaden. In 1894 Felix Plieninger based a new genus on this specimen: ''Campylognathus''. The genus name is derived from Greek ''kampylos'', "bent", and ''gnathos'', "jaw", in reference to the bent lower jaw. The type species is ''Campylognathus zitteli''. The specific name honours Alfred von Zittel.〔Plieninger, F. (1894). "''Campylognathus Zittelli''. Ein neuer Flugsaurier aus dem Oberen Lias Schwabens", ''Palaeontographica'', 41: 193-222〕 The holotype is SMNS 9787. In 1897 Hauff prepared another specimen that eventually in 1903 was acquired by the Carnegie Museum of Natural History at Pittsburgh. This fossil, CM 11424, is due to its completeness the best source of information about the genus. In 1901 Plieninger for the first time studied ''P. liasicus'' and discovered that Quenstedt had mistaken the, in reality short, metacarpal, for a coracoid, meaning it was a basal pterosaur.〔Plieninger, F. (1901). "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Flugsaurier", ''Palaeontographica'', 48: 65–90〕 In 1906 Plieninger referred ''P. liasicus'' and the Pittsburgh specimen to ''Campylognathus'', though not yet establishing the specific status of each of the three exemplars.〔Plieninger, F. (1906). "Notizen über Flugsaurier aus dem Lias Schwabens", ''Centralblatt für Mineralogie'', 10: 290–293〕 In 1907 however, Plieninger recognised a second species of ''Campylognathus'': ''C. liasicus'', to which CM 11424 was referred also.〔Plieninger, F. (1907) "Die Pterosaurier der Juraformation Schwabens", ''Palaeontographica'', 53: 209-313〕 Norwegian entomologist Embrik Strand discovered in the 1920s that the name ''Campylognathus'' had previously been used for the African bug ''Campylognathus nigrensis'', a genus of the Heteroptera named in 1890. As the name was thus preoccupied, he renamed the pterosaur ''Campylognathoides'' in 1928.〔Strand, E. (1928). "Miscellanea nomenclatorica Zoologica et Palaeontologica", ''Archiv fur Naturgeschichte'', 92: 30-75〕 During the twentieth century new finds have brought the number of known specimens to about a dozen. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Campylognathoides」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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