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Camulus
In the ancient Celtic pantheon, Camulus or Camulos was a theonym for a god whom the Romans equated with Mars by interpretatio romana.〔"Camulus." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. Oxford University Press, 1998, 2004.〕 He was an important god of early Britain and Gaul, especially among the Belgae and the Remi,〔 a Gaulish tribe who lived in the area of modern northern France, around Reims.
Camulus is named in combination with Mars in inscriptions coming from Reims,〔''ILTG'' 351; ''AE'' 1935, 00064 () honor(d(omus) d(ivinae) ) / () Martis Cam(3 ) / um Lavinat <> / Claudi Caesaris / ()ug(usti) Germanici Imp(eratoris) / ()ives Remi qui / ()emplum constitu/erunt〕 Mainz,〔''CIL'' 13 11818 : Marti / Camulo / sacrum / ilites coh(ortis) () / Hamioru() / ()CIV()SC() / ()IVI()〕 Sarmizegetusa 〔''AE'' 1998, 01100 : Invicto / Mithrae / Marti Camulo / Mercurio / Rosmertae / Q(uintus) Axius Aeli/anus v(ir) e(gregius) / proc(urator) Aug()(ustorum) / Ioni(us)〕 and Southwark, London 〔''AE'' 2002, 882: Num(inibus) Augg(ustorum) / deo Marti Ca/mulo Tiberini/us Celerianus / c(ivis) Bell(ovacus) / moritix / Londiniensi/um / primus () / ()VA[〕
At Rindern, Germany, Mars Camulos appears on a stone with a corona of oak.〔 Elsewhere he was portrayed with a ram-horned head.〔 Evidence of his popularity can be seen in several place-names notably Camulodunum.〔 Attempts to link him with the nursery character Old King Cole and Fionn's father Cumhall have been rejected by contemporary scholars.〔
The town Camulodunum (now Colchester) in Essex may have been named after him, and is the possible basis for the legendary city Camelot. Camulodunum is a latinised form of the Celtic ''Camulodunon'', from the words ''Camulos'' and ''dunum'' meaning ''fortification'', a reference to the town's extensive Iron Age earthwork defences.〔Crummy, Philip (1997) City of Victory; the story of Colchester - Britain's first Roman town. Published by Colchester Archaeological Trust (ISBN 1 897719 04 3)〕
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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