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Canebrakes
Canebrake is a term used to describe a vegetation type that was formerly more widespread in the south and southeastern United States. Three species of ''Arundinaria'' grasses constitute canebreaks: ''A. gigantea'', ''A. tecta'' and ''A. appalachiana''. As a bamboo, these giant grasses grow in thickets up to 8 m tall. ''A. gigantea'' is generally found in stream valleys and ravines throughout the southeastern US. ''A. tecta'' is a smaller stature species found on the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains. Finally, ''A. appalachiana'' is found in more upland areas at the southern end of the Appalachian mountains.〔http://www.lmvjv.org/library/Mgt_Board_June_2007/Tab7/MAV_Desired_Forest_Conditions_Final_Report_2007.pdf〕
Canebrakes have been widely replaced by agriculture. Concomitant with this destruction have been challenges to the survival of the Florida panther (''Puma concolor'' subsp. ''coryi'') and Bachman's warbler (''Vermivora bachmanii''), the latter of which is critically endangered and may in fact be extinct. Other species considered canebreak specialists include several butterfly species, and Swainson's warbler (''Limnothlypis swainsonii''). Swainson's warbler has recently been found to use pine plantations (widespread across the Southeastern United States) of a particular age, as they may provide the structural features and prey base that the species seeks.〔Graves 2014 http://macroecointern.dk/pdf-reprints/Graves_BCI_2014b.pdf〕
Canes can reproduce asexually and rapidly, an adaptation that allows them to persist quietly in the shade of a forest for years and rapidly take advantage of disturbance which disrupts the overstory, such as blowdowns, floods or hurricanes. When released in this way, canes can quickly recoccupy these gaps.
==See also==
*Canebrake
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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