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Caniçal ((:kɐniˈsaɫ)) is a civil parish in the municipality of Machico in the Portuguese island of Madeira. The population in 2011 was 3,924,〔(Instituto Nacional de Estatística )〕 in an area of 11.85 km².〔(Eurostat )〕 Equidistant from Funchal and Santana (20 km), the community is connected to these centres by the Regional 109 roadway. Caniçal is now the principal cargo port in Madeira. ==History== Early documents of the lands of Caniçal came from references to the region's use as a hunting preserve of rich landowners; the lands where the hereditary donation to the sons of the first Captain-donatário of Machico. Gaspar Frutuoso in ''Saudades da Terra'', mentions Caniçal in these terms: :''“...it was (area ) of a lot of hunting of rabbit, partridge, peacocks and many wild boar, that one affirms that it was the best hunting lands in all of Portugal. There was no lack of water in those lands, that during early settlement, in order to irrigate the sugar cane in this village (Machico) and for Caniçal, that the levada created from where it sprung to the village, was four and a half leagues..."'' These wild lands were peppered with toponomic references to its use as hunting grounds or natural regions: Dragoal or Serrado dos Marmeleiros, for example. The first area to be inhabited was the south-central coast of Caniçal, at the edge of the Ponta de São Lourenço. In those lands, which were donated to Vasco Moniz (the son of Tristão Vaz Teixeira), the first of the oldest farms were established (5 September 1489).〔 It was not the importance of its community or level of development that justified the creation of the first chapel in Caniçal: its distance, number of people (ten couples) and difficulties in communication, justified the construction by regal charter on 25 August 1527.〔 Even by 1561, when the parish was established, the community only included consisted of fifteen couples. The Chapel of São Sebastião, founded by Garcia Moniz in the first quarter of the 16th century, became the parish seat.〔 It was actually constructed in the area of ''Igreja Velha'' where the older temple was destroyed by pirates. In 1594, the chapel was remodelled or reconstructed, but was once again destroyed during the 1748 earthquake, requiring the founding of a new church. In the 16th century, the primitive chapel of Nossa Senhora da Piedade was constructed by local fishermen who had promised to erect a chapel in the name of the ''Santissima Virgem'', after a group were saved from death by ''divine intervention''.〔 These votes of thanksgiving were also supported by an annual procession (around September), in the name of Nossa Senhora dos Pescadores, which at times included a flotilla of boats〔The chapel that now occupies the space was constructed in the 17th century.〕 As the community expanded further west, the parish built the new Church, around 1749. It was during the mid-1700s that the Marquess of Pombal projected and ordered construction of military port and arsenal, in the area known as Abra.〔 The fishing community was susceptible to pirate attacks, mostly from the Barbary Coast, and the construction of a small coastal fort to watch for approaching corsairs, especially from Ponta de São. Lourenço. Pirate attacks in the Atlantic islands (Azores and Madeira) were common: the area known as ''Três Donzelas'' was known orally as the site of a typical experience for the period, where three youth were kidnapped by the raiders.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Caniçal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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