|
Cannibalism is the act or practice of humans eating the flesh or internal organs of other human beings. A person who practices cannibalism is called a cannibal. The expression ''cannibalism'' has been extended into zoology to mean one individual of a species consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food, including sexual cannibalism. The Island Carib people of the Lesser Antilles, from whom the word cannibalism derives, acquired a long-standing reputation as cannibals following the recording of their legends in the 17th century.〔 Some controversy exists over the accuracy of these legends and the prevalence of actual cannibalism in the culture. Cannibalism was widespread in the past among humans in many parts of the world, continuing into the 19th century in some isolated South Pacific cultures, and to the present day in parts of tropical Africa. Cannibalism was practiced in New Guinea and in parts of the Solomon Islands, and flesh markets existed in some parts of Melanesia.〔''(From primitive to post-colonial in Melanesia and anthropology )''. Bruce M. Knauft (1999). University of Michigan Press. p. 104. ISBN 0-472-06687-0〕 Fiji was once known as the "Cannibal Isles".〔Peggy Reeves Sanday. "''(Divine hunger: cannibalism as a cultural system )''".〕 Cannibalism has been well documented around the world, from Fiji to the Amazon Basin to the Congo to Māori New Zealand.〔 〕 Neanderthals are believed to have practiced cannibalism, and Neanderthals may have been eaten by anatomically modern humans. Cannibalism has recently been both practiced and fiercely condemned in several wars, especially in Liberia〔(Liberia’s elections, ritual killings and cannibalism ) August 2011〕 and Congo. It is still practiced in Papua New Gunea as of 2012 for cultic reasons and in ritual and in war in various Melanesian tribes. Cannibalism has been said to test the bounds of cultural relativism as it challenges anthropologists "to define what is or is not beyond the pale of acceptable human behavior."〔(Brief history of cannibal controversies ); David F. Salisbury, August 15, 2001, ''Exploration'', Vanderbuilt University.〕 Cannibalism has been occasionally practiced as a last resort by people suffering from famine, including in modern times. Famous examples include the ill-fated Westward expedition of the Donner Party and, more recently, the crash of Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571, after which some survivors ate the bodies of dead passengers. Also, some mentally ill people obsess about eating others and actually do so, such as Jeffrey Dahmer and Albert Fish. There is resistance to formally labeling cannibalism as a mental disorder.〔(Eat or be eaten: Is cannibalism a pathology as listed in the DSM-IV? ) The Straight Dope by Cecil Adams. Retrieved March 16, 2010.〕 ==Etymology== Cannibalism derives from ''Caníbales'', the Spanish name for the Caribs,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cannibalism Definition )〕 a West Indies tribe that formerly practiced cannibalism,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=cannibalism (human behaviour) )〕 from Spanish ''canibal'' or ''caribal'', "a savage". It is also called ''anthropophagy''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cannibalism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|