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''Cantharellus'' is a genus of popular edible mushrooms, commonly known as chanterelles. They are mycorrhizal fungi, meaning they form symbiotic associations with plants, making them very difficult to cultivate. Caution must be used when identifying chanterelles for consumption due to lookalikes, such as the Jack-O-Lantern species (''Omphalotus olearius'' and others), which can make a person very ill. Despite this, chanterelles are one of the most recognized and harvested groups of edible mushrooms. Many species of chanterelles contain antioxidant carotenoids, such as beta-carotene in ''C. cibarius'' and ''C. minor'', and canthaxanthin in ''C. cinnabarinus'' and ''C. friesii''. They also contain significant amounts of vitamin D.〔 The name comes from the Greek ''kantharos'' meaning "tankard" or "cup".〔〔(chanterelle ) at dictionary.com〕 |2= |2=''C. formosus'' }} |2=''C. persicinus'' }} |2=''C. lateritius'' }} }} }} |caption=Phylogenetic relationships of some ''Cantharellus'' species based on ribosomal RNA sequences.〔 }} ==Taxonomy== The genus ''Cantharellus'' is large and has a complex taxonomic history. Index Fungorum lists over 500 scientific names that have been applied to the genus, although the number of currently valid names is less than 100.〔 In addition to synonymy, many species have been moved into other genera such as ''Afrocantharellus'',〔 ''Arrhenia'', ''Craterellus'', ''Gomphus'', ''Hygrophoropsis'', and ''Pseudocraterellus''. Molecular phylogenetic analyses are providing new information about relationships between chanterelle populations. The following are just a few examples of chanterelle species: * ''C. afrocibarius'' – Africa〔 * ''C. altipes'' — southeastern U.S.A.〔 * ''C. amethysteus'' — Europe * ''C. appalachiensis'' — eastern North America, China〔 * ''C. aurantioconspicuus'' — Brazil〔 * ''C. californicus'' — the oak chanterelle * ''C. cascadensis'' — the Pacific Northwest of North America * ''C. cibarioides'' – Africa〔 * ''C. cibarius'' — The best known species of this genus is the golden chanterelle, which is orange or yellow, meaty and funnel-shaped. On the lower surface, underneath the smooth cap, it has gill-like ridges that run almost all the way down its stipe, which tapers down seamlessly from the cap. It has a fruity smell and a mildly peppery taste, and is considered an excellent food mushroom. The European girolle, a variant of ''C. cibarius'', has a thicker stalk and stronger flavor.〔(California Fungi—Cantharellus cibarius )〕 * ''C. amazonensis'' – South America * ''C. cinereus'' — the ashen chanterelle * ''C. cinnabarinus'' * ''C. concinnus'' — the Australian chanterelle * ''C. congolensis'' - Africa〔 * ''C. eccentricus'' – New Caledonia〔 * ''C. densifolius''〔 * ''C. flavus'' - midwestern and southern U.S.A.〔 * ''C. floridulus''〔 * ''C. formosus'' — The Pacific golden chanterelle has recently been recognized as a separate species from the golden chanterelle. It forms a mycorrhizal association with the Douglas-fir and Sitka spruce forests of California and the Pacific Northwest of North America. This chanterelle has been designated Oregon's state mushroom, due to its economic value and abundance. * ''C. friesii'' — the orange chanterelle * ''C. garnierii''〔 * ''C. gracilis'' – Africa * ''C. guyanensis'' – South America * ''C. humidicolus'' – Africa * ''C. incrassatus'' – Malaysia〔 * ''C. isabellinus''〔 * ''C. lateritius'' — the smooth chanterelle * ''C. lewisii'' — southeastern U.S.A.〔 * ''C. lilacinus'' – Australia * ''C. luteopunctatus'' – Africa * ''C. minor'' * ''C. miomboensis'' – Africa * ''C. neocaledonicus'' – New Caledonia〔 * ''C. pallens'' * ''C. persicinus'' — the peach chanterelle * ''C. phasmatis'' - the ghost chanterelle, midwestern U.S.A.〔 * ''C. pleurotoides'' — Guyana〔 * ''C. pseudocibarius''〔 * ''C. pseudoformosus'' — found with deodar cedar in India〔 * ''C. protectus'' – South America * ''C. quercophilus'' — southeastern U.S.A.〔 * ''C. rhodophyllus''〔 * ''C. roseocanus'' * ''C. ruber''〔 * ''C. spectaculus'' - the spectacular chanterelle, midwestern U.S.A.〔 * ''C. subalbidus'' — The white chanterelle is also found in western North America, and looks like the golden chanterelle except for its off-white color and more robust stalk. It is found in lesser numbers than the golden chanterelle, but can otherwise be treated like its yellow cousins; some believe the flavor is superior.〔(California Fungi—Cantharellus subalbidus )〕 * ''C. tabernensis'' — southeastern U.S.A.〔 * ''C. sublaevis'' – Africa〔 * ''C. subpruinosus'' – Europe * ''C. tanzanicus'' – Africa * ''C. tenuithrix'' — southeastern U.S.A.〔 * ''C. texensis'' — southeastern U.S.A.〔 * ''C. tomentosus''〔 * ''C. vaginatus'' — China〔 * ''C. zangii'' — China〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cantharellus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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