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Caomhánach
Caomhánach ( in traditional Gaelic type, pronounced Kav-na or Ka-va-na〔) is an Irish Gaelic surname that was first assumed by Domhnall, eldest son of the 12th century King of Leinster, Diarmait Mac Murchada (Dermot MacMurrough) in Ireland.〔Irish Pedigrees: Or, The Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation by John O'Hart – Published 1892, Volume 1, Page 493〕 A considerable number of anglicised variations of Caomhánach exist (see: Variations of Name), some of the most common are: "Kavanagh", "Cavanagh", "Kavanaugh" and "Cavanaugh".
== Early History - Kings of Leinster ==
The Caomhánach family is a branch of the Mac Murchada dynasty which descended from Domhnall Caomhánach, the eldest son of the 12th century King of Leinster, Diarmait Mac Murchada (Dermot MacMurrough).
The historic stronghold of the family was known as Uí Ceinnselaig, and included nearly all of County Carlow and County Wexford, with parts of Wicklow and Kilkenny counties included. The Caomhánach family maintained control of the kingship of Leinster up until the 17th century. This claim was at times disputed and resulted in nearly consistent clashes with the Anglo-Norman settlers in Ireland. The lion passant on the Caomhánach arms is a classic heraldic device associated with feudal power but unusual for a family of Gaelic extraction; it may be that it is intended to signify the centuries-long connection of the family with the kingship of Leinster.
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